STOCK-CULTURES, KTC. ; COLOR-CHARTS; PHOTOGRAPHY, ETC. 



263 



('ij.il. H.u'SKu, G. UebcT \\T\vemlung des For- 

 malins zur conservirung von Bacteriencul- 

 tureii. Miinchen. med. Wochenschr, 1893. 

 Bd. xi., pp. 567-568. Rev. in Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., Bd. xiv, 1893, p. 290. 



Ten or fifteen drops of fresh formalin are put on filter 

 paper and placed under the cover of the Petri-dish cul- 

 ture. This is then exposed to the vapor of formalin in a 

 close room lined with wet filter paper. 15 drops of forma- 

 lin being: placed on cotton and introduced for each 1000 

 cc. of air space. As the formalin penetrates the deeper 

 layers of gelatin only slowly, a thin layer should be used 

 for liquefying organisms.' The formalin should be 

 allowed to act for several days, and be renewed once or 

 twice. The gelatin appears to be permanently disin- 

 fected, will not melt at any temperature, and is un- 

 changed in appearance. To have permanent preparations 

 it is only iiecessary to keep them from drying out. 



('9.?). HAUSER, G. Weitere Mitteilungen iiber Ver- 

 wendnng des Formalins zur conservirung 

 von Bacterienculttiren. Miinchen. med. 

 Wochenschr., 1893. Bd. XL, pp. 655-656, No. 

 35. Rev. in Central^, f. Bakt., Bd. xiv, 1893, 

 pp. 468-469. 



Describes a method of fixing and mounting colonies 

 taken from gelatin plate cultures. 



('04). KRUECKM ANN, EMIL. Eine Methode zur Hcr- 

 stellung bakteriologischer Museen und Kon- 

 servierung von Bakterien. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., Bd. xv, 1894, pp. 851-857. 



Fixes cultures with mercuric chloride, etc., and pre- 

 serves them in formalin, air-tight, in the dark. 



('97). FAKES, W. C. C., AND EYRE. J. W. Formalin 

 as a preservative for cultivations of bac- 

 teria. Jour, of Path, and Bact, vol iv, 1897, 

 pp. 418-420. Also a separate, 3 pp. 



Coi). CONN. H. W. How can bacteria be satisfac- 

 torily preserved for museum specimens? 

 Science, n. s., vol. xm, 1901, p. 326. 



LIII. Stock-Cultures, How Best Kept; Vitality on 

 Media. 



('89). CZAPLEWSKI, E. Zur Anlage b;ikteriologischer 

 Museen. Centralb. f. Bakt., vi Bd., 1889. 

 pp. 409-4II- 



This method consists in limiting- the amount of air 

 which can reach the culture by saturating the upper part 

 of the cotton plug: with melted paraffin. The chief objec- 

 tion to it is the increased difficulty of cleaning the dis- 

 carded tubes. 



Cy8). LT'NT. On a convenient method of preserving 

 living pure cultures of water bacteria. Rev. 

 in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxm Bd., 1898, pp. 

 795-796- 



Certain water-bacteria may be kept alive for two years 

 or more in sterile water, i. e. much longer than iu ordi- 

 nary culture-media. 



('oo). BOU.EY, HENRY L. The duration of bacterial 

 existence and fin ?] trial environments. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt.. 2 Abt., vi Bd., 1900. pp. 

 33-38. 



Reports getting a good growth of Bacillus amylovorns 

 and Bact. dianthi in agar and bouillon by transfers from 

 cultures which had been hermetically sealed for 9 years. 

 Tests of the pathogenic power of these cultures appear 

 not to have been made. 



Coi). SCHULTZ. See vi. 



LIV. Color-Charts ; Nomenclature of Colors. 



('86). RIIIGWAY, ROBERT. Nomenclature of colors 

 for naturalists. 195 water colors on ten 

 plates, with rules for making the same and 

 a general discussion of colors. Boston, Lit- 

 tle, Brown & Co., 1886. 



Valuable, but out of print. Especially useful on 

 account of the number of colors. Another edition in 

 preparation. 



('94). SACCARDO, P. A. Chromotaxia sen nomen- 

 clator colorum polyglottus additis speci- 

 minibus coloratis ad usum botanicorum et 

 zoologorum. 2d ed. Padua. Typis Semi- 

 narii, 1894, Svo., 22 pp., with two tables con- 

 taining 50 colors. 

 A cheap and useful color scheme for botanists. 



C9S)- Color chart under Spectrum, in the Standard 

 Dictionary, Funk and Wagnalls, New York, 

 1895. 

 This may be had separately. 



C'9S)- SHUTTLEWORTH, E. B. Nomenclature of col- 

 ors for bacteriologists. Jour. Am. Pub. 

 Health Asso., Oct., 1895, Annual vol. xx, 

 pp. 403-407. 



('98). PRANG, Louis. The Prang standard of color. 

 Popular ed., Boston. 1898. Folio. 



(' ). Chart of Spectrum Scales made from the 

 Bradley colored papers. Milton Bradley 

 Co., Springfield. Mass. A small sheet (about 

 354 X 7^ inches) with 90 colors. Also a 

 large folded chart (11x28 inches). 

 Colors are bright, but must be carefully protected from 

 the light. 



LV. Photography and Photomicrography. 



('77). KOCH, ROBERT. Verfahren zur Untersuchun- 

 gen, zum Conserviren und Photographiren 

 der Bacterien. Cohn's Beitrage, II Bd., 3 

 Heft, Breslau, 1877, pp. 399-434, with 24 

 photomicrographs on 3 plates. 



('81). KOCH, R. Zur Untersuchung von pathogenen 

 Organismen. Mitth. aus dem Kais. Gesund- 

 heitsamte. Bd. T, 1881, pp. T-.i8. 

 The paper is illustrated by 84 heliotrpes from photomi- 

 crographs. 



('83). STERNBERG, GEO. M. Photomicrographs and 

 how to make them; pp. xv, 204, with twenty 

 plates of photomicrographs. James R. Os- 

 good & Co.. Boston. 1883. 



CS/). CROOKSHANK. EDGAR M. Photography of bac- 

 teria. Illustrated with 86 photographs re- 

 produced in autotype, pp. xix. 64, London. 

 H. K. Lewis. 1887." 



('87). Roux, E. La photographic applinuee a 1'etude 

 des microbes. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, T. I. 

 1887. pp. 209-225. 

 C8S) ZETTNOW. E. Das Kunfer-Chrom-Filter. 



Centralb. f. Bakt. iSSS. Bd. iv. pp. 51-52. 

 This light filter is well adapted to photographing bac- 

 teria, whether they are stained red.blueor violet. 



This filter is made as follows: For use with sunlight, 

 160 grams copper nitrate and 14 grams pure chromic acid 

 diluted with water to 250 cc. More convenient to prepare 

 and suitable for most purposes in a layer I to 2 cm. thick 

 is 175 grams sulphate of copper and 17 grams bichromate 

 of potash dissolved iu i litre of water. Thecopper-chrom- 

 filter transmits only a small portion of the spectrum, 

 viz., those yellow-green rays which act most strongly 

 upon erythrosin plates. For the concentrated solution 

 these rays are from wave length s8o to 560: more diluted 

 from 590 to 545. 



