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The Musk-ox, Ovibos moschatus, Linn. This is an animal that 
inhabits only the barren or treeless area of northern Canada. As will 
be seen from the Journal in regard to the appearance of the country 
passed over, the tredess area is not entirely barren, but in many places 
sustains bunches of a coarse grass and plenty of moss or lichen, which 
afford ample food for this great rush of caribou and the more sedate 
wanderings of the musk-ox. 
The barren or treeless area was reached practically before they 
came to Lockhart River, but no mention of any signs of the musk-ox is 
made until they reach the small lake on the Lockhart River. Here on 
the north side were two skulls of animals killed two seasons before 
by a hunter who was present in the party. The north shore is called 
by Mr. McKinley " the native soil of the musk-ox." 
The first one killed was seen on the north shore of Aylmer Lake. 
From there northward large numbers were seen as far as the expedition 
went. They do not wander in such great bands as the caribou, but 
feed in smaller herds around the hills, moving in search of food. The 
cows in the summer generally are more together, the bulls feeding apart 
or in couples. 
Of the smaller mammals the following were noticed : 
White Fox, Vulpes lagopus, Linn. No mention is made of any of 
the party having seen these animals, but that they are to be found is 
evident from the many holes seen. 
" June 30th White or arctic fox holes we have come across now 
and then of late. The first we saw on the portage to the Lockhart 
River." 
Wolverine, Gulo luscus, Sabine. Mr. Pike shot three, August 
2nd, and mention is made in several places of caches being robbed by 
these animals. 
Arctic Hare, Lepus timidus Linn, var atdicus Leach. The first 
signs of this animal were observed on Lac du Mort which is not a great 
distance north of Great Slave Lake. The note is to the following 
effect : -'' Saw signs of the Arctic I [are on the banks of this lake, which 
is probably as far south as they come. They are now off out again to 
the open farther north." 
