INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1874. xxi 



mania, New Zealand, and Chatham Island. The Crozet par- 

 ty stationed themselves in Campbelltown, Tasmania. 



At the moment of writing this, only a few weeks prior to 

 this interesting astronomical event, the various parties sent 

 out by other nations are already in the field, perfecting those 

 final arrangements on the completeness of which will, to a 

 great extent, depend the success of the observations, unless 

 cloudy weather intervenes. It will, therefore, be proper in 

 this place to give a condensed summary of the observing 

 parties now at the respective stations, as introductory to that 

 account which we hope next year to be able to give of the 

 results of the actual observations: 



Nationality. 



United States 



England 



India 



Cape of Good Hope. 



Australia 



France 



Germany 



Russia 



Italy 



Holland 



Non-official. 



Lord Lindsay 



Colonel Campbell.. 



Number of 

 Stations. 



8 



10 

 4 

 I 

 2 

 6 

 5 

 25 

 3 

 1 



Mauritius 

 Thebes 



Methods of 

 Observation. 



1 and 3* 

 1 and 3 



1 and 3 

 1 or 2 or 3 

 1 or 2 or 3 

 1 



1, 2, and 3 



Number of 

 Persons. 



30 



45 



50 

 150 (?) 







4 



* 1, Contacts or Time Durations ; 2, Heliometer Measures; 3, Photographic Measures. 



The total expenses of all these parties will be not far from 

 one million of dollars, exclusive of the sums necessary for the 

 publication of the results of their labors in zoology, meteor- 

 ology, etc. The whole constitutes, in fact, a series of great 

 expeditions, having in view the increase of our knowledge 

 of the sections of the world visited by them expeditions 

 that will continue to bear fruit for many years to come, and 

 certainly long after the approaching transit of 1882. In con- 

 nection with the preparations for this transit it is important 

 to note that the American, English, and Russian observers 

 have taken especial pains to investigate the errors peculiar 

 to each individual's habit of observation, by practicing upon 

 a mock transit produced by means of suitable machinery. 



The solar parallax, as is well known, can be quite accu- 



2 



