G. NATURAL HISTORY AND ZOOLOGY. 33 1 



and mussels from the rocks, and hardly any implements 

 could be found in the refuse of their repasts the accumula- 

 tion of centuries. 



After them large villages of solidly constructed houses 

 rose ; and probably at the height of their progress and nu- 

 merical increase the almost equally barbarous Russians of Si- 

 beria fell upon them, and nearly swept them from the face of 

 the earth. 



TRADE AMONG THE ABORIGINES. 



In illustration of the trade which was formerly carried on 

 between the Indians of the interior and those of the coast, 

 we are informed that in an Indian mound in Ohio, lately ex- 

 plored by Mr. William Anderson, a correspondent of the 

 Smithsonian Institution, there were found around the neck 

 of a human skeleton the remains of what was probably a 

 necklace of shells. These were submitted to the examination 

 of Mr. John II. Redtield, of Philadelphia, who decided that 

 they were one of the forms of Marginella apicina, Menke a 

 species which occurs at Tampa Bay, in Florida, on the Atlan- 

 tic coast of the peninsula, bat not noted elsewhere. Even if 

 these occur on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico generally, this 

 shows that such objects were either carried by the collect- 

 ors to a great distance, or traded for by their subsequent 

 possessor. A fossil species closely allied to this (31. Umatilla, 

 Conrad) occurs as far north as Wilmington, North Carolina. 



ETHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT EGYPT. 



Professor Owen, in a recent paper on the ethnology of 

 Egypt, combines the results lately attained by Mariette-Bey 

 with those previously recorded, and concludes that three dis- 

 tinct types of portrait sculptures are to be found in the stat- 

 ues and tombs of the ancient Egyptians. 



1. The primal Egyptian, bearing no trace of the negro or 

 Arab, but more nearly matched by a high European physi- 

 ognomy. 



2. The type of the conquering race of Shepherd Kings. 



3. The Nubian Egyptian, typified in the bass-relief figure 

 of Cleopatra. 



In conclusion, Professor Owen draws a graphic picture of 

 the high state of civilization attained by the primal Egyptian 



