INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1874. xxxiii 



10 (?) an interesting review of the earthquake phenomena that 

 have been noticed in Western North Carolina during the 

 past hundred years. 



Strictures upon Mallet's theories have been published by 

 Hilgard, Dutton, and others in America, as well as by several 

 English physicists. 



The changes of level in the neighborhood of the Great Salt 

 Lake have interested Professor Joseph Henry, at whose re- 

 quest Dr. Parke, of the Deseret University, has erected a 

 monument for the purpose of making standard measure- 

 ments. 



Angus Ross, of Halifax, offers the following generalization: 

 "That the mountain chains of the earth are arranged in par- 

 allel lines along certain belts or zones, which girdle the earth 

 in great circles, each having for its medial axis a line of vol- 

 canoes." 



The earthquakes of the Caucasus form the subject of a 

 communication from Moritz. 



Temperature of the Earth. The subject of earth tempera- 

 tures has been considered by Schenzl, who finds, from eight 

 years' observations at Ofen, that twenty-one days are re- 

 quired by the temperature to penetrate to a depth of three 

 feet. Everett's report to the British Association contains 

 some statistics on this subject. 



Ocean Currents. Attention has been called by Dr. Carpen- 

 ter to the fact that many of the most important laws with 

 reference to the ocean currents that have during the past ten 

 years been developed by English physicists were anticipated 

 over forty years ago by Lenz, the Russian physicist, who ac- 

 companied Kotzebue in his voyage around the world. Ac* 

 cording to Lenz's theory and observations, the coldest waters 

 are at the bottom of the ocean where the current is always 

 flowing from either pole to the equator, the surface currents 

 being in the opposite directions, except in so far as they are 

 modified by the winds. In this connection, we again men- 

 tion the very valuable wind and current charts published by 

 the British Admiralty, as well as the charts of ocean temper- 

 ature compiled by Cornelissen, and published by the Dutch 

 Meteorological Office. 



The researches carried on by the Challenger expedition, so 

 far as published, are an earnest of the invaluable results to 



