INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1874. lxv 



was therefore led to contrive an apparatus by which the still 

 boiling wort could be cooled away from the air, and could 

 be fermented by the addition of similarly treated yeast while 

 it still remained in the tight vat. When now, after it is 

 finished, it is drawn from this vat, it no longer furnishes the 

 nutritive medium necessary to the development of the germs 

 which produce the changes. Beer thus made may be pre- 

 served indefinitely, and appears not only to undergo no de- 

 terioration with time, but undergoes, like wine, an actual 

 amelioration. 



Jacquemin has been studying the influence of nitrogen in 

 a textile fibre on the fixation, directly, of aniline colors* 

 Since silk and wool readily take these colors directly, while 

 cotton has to be annualized, or treated with albumin, etc., 

 before it will receive the color, the impression is general that 

 it is only to a nitrogenous substance that the color will unite. 

 But that this is not so the author proves in the case of gun- 

 cotton, which takes fuchsine or aniline blue as readily as 

 silk ; and, on the other hand, in the case of oxamide, which, 

 though containing nitrogen, could not be colored by fuchsine 

 though heated to 80 in a bath of it. The true reason for 

 the difference observed between silk and cotton, in this re- 

 gard, is yet to be determined. 



MINERALOGY. 



The department of Mineralogy has received its share of 

 attention from the scientific world, but the special researches 

 in crystallography and chemistry, all-important as they are 

 for the full development of the science, can hardly be consid- 

 ered of general interest, and need not be referred to here. 



The pages of the Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Tschermak's 

 Miner alogische Mittheilungen, Poggendorff's Annalen, etc., 

 must be referred to by those specially interested in this sub- 

 ject. The occurrence of native tellurium and various tellu- 

 rium minerals in Colorado and Montana has been made the 

 subject of further investigations, and important papers de- 

 scriptive of them have been published by Professor Silliman, 

 Dr. Endlich, and Dr. Genth, and Schirmerite and Henryite 

 have been added to the list of new tellurium minerals. Pro- 

 fessor Cooke has made a valuable contribution to physical 

 mineralogy in his paper on the Vermiculites. After a de- 



