K. DOMESTIC AND HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY. 429 



K. DOMESTIC AND HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY. 



MODIFICATION OF KLINKERFUES ? GALVANIC GAS - LIGHTER. 



The essential feature of this improvement by Baron Olders- 

 hausen, of Vienna, consists in the employment of a sudden 

 increase of pressure a gradual increase having no effect 

 and in the attachment of a second burner beneath the princi- 

 pal one, which is ignited by the heated platinum spiral, and is 

 automatically extinguished after it has ignited the principal 

 burner. Mercury and floats are employed for extinguishing 

 the accessory and principal flames. Although ingenious and 

 effective, the apparatus seems too complicated for gener- 

 al introduction for street lamps. 6 (7, December 18, 1873, 

 506. 



IMPROVED ELECTRIC ILLUMINATION. 



The system of electrical illumination invented by the Rus- 

 sian Ladiguin is attracting much attention from technolo- 

 gists, as furnishing a very important improvement, both as 

 to economy and brilliancy. In the old method the electric 

 spark was passed between two pieces of burning charcoal, 

 each joined to a copper wire connected with the electric ma- 

 chine, separate machines being necessary for each, and the 

 light obtained, although powerful, being very difficult of reg- 

 ulation, and continually interrupted, in consequence of the 

 rapid consumption of the charcoal points from exposure to 

 the air. 



In the new method only one piece of charcoal or other bad 

 conductor is required, which, being attached to a wire con- 

 nected with an electro-magnetic machine, is placed in a glass 

 tube, from which the air is exhausted and replaced by a gas 

 which, at a higher temperature, will not combine with the 

 charcoal. This tube is then hermetically sealed, and the ma- 

 chine being set in motion by means of a small steam-engine, 

 the charcoal becomes gradually and equally heated, and emits 

 a soft, steady, and continuous light, which, by a most simple 

 contrivance, can be strengthened or weakened at the option 

 of those employing it, its duration being dependent solely 



