458 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



film around it. The back of the picture may be coated in 

 a similar manner, and it will then lie flat without a frame. 

 The film may also be colored before applying the picture, by 

 immersion in a bath of cochineal, logwood, etc. 13 C, March 

 1,1874,330. 



PRODUCTION OF ICE IN MILD WINTERS. 



It is suggested that by filling suitably constructed sheet- 

 iron vessels to the depth of about an inch with water it will 

 soon freeze, even when the temperature is but little below 

 the freezing-point, and that by repeating the addition of wa- 

 ter as the first portions become frozen, blocks of the clearest 

 ice, six inches thick, may be formed during a night ; and 

 when the temperature by day is suitable, a single laborer 

 will be able to fill a large ice-house in a short time. By 

 pouring water, which has been cooled in the vessels nearly 

 to the freezing-point, over the ice after it has been packed, at 

 suitable intervals, when the temperature of the air is below 

 the freezing-point, a compact mass of ice may be formed, 

 of more value for use than a much larger quantity loosely 

 packed. Even in winters favorable to the production of ice 

 the above method may be found the most convenient, and 

 the cheapest, for filling ice-houses. 13 C, May 1, 1874, 599. 



WHEEL WITH INDIA-RUBBER TIRE. 



Messrs. Bird & Co., of London, have lately brought into 

 notice a new and improved wheel, with India-rubber tire, 

 which is claimed to be capable of wearing as long as, or 

 longer than, an iron tire, and to have the great advantage 

 of perfect noiselessness and absence of injurious jar. The 

 draught of the carriage is said to be reduced nearly one third 

 by the use of this tire. It appears to be simply a tire of solid 

 rubber, fastened on the exterior of an ordinary wheel by 

 bolts, such as are used with iron ties; and it may be thinner 

 than the usual kind, merely serving the purpose of a band to 

 hold the wood-work firmly together. 2 A, August 29,1874, 

 174. 



