B. TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY. 49 



known, Mallet has made special use of the direction in which 

 the shock successively strikes each city or region affected by 

 it, calculating both the angles of azimuth and emergence, so 

 as eventually to demonstrate accurately the precise position, 

 within the earth, of the region of disturbance whence the 

 earthquake shock radiates in all directions. Von Seebach 

 states that, in the case of the earthquake of 1872, it only ap- 

 peared possible to rely principally on the exact determina- 

 tions of the times at which the shock was felt in the various 

 regions from which he has information. In order to obtain 

 these data with the greatest certainty he applied to the Royal 

 Telegraph Bureau, through which he received fifty -one re- 

 ports of especially great value. The extreme limits between 

 which definite information concerning the earthquake was 

 received may be taken as being Berlin, on the north ; Munich, 

 on the south; Breslau,on the east; and Frankfort, on the west. 

 The severest shocks were experienced in the region thirty 

 miles south of Leipsic. A surface of nearly 50,000 square 

 miles was thus affected by this phenomenon a region which 

 appears not very different in size from those corresponding 

 to previous earthquakes, such as that of 1846 and 1855, in 

 the same portion of the world. The earthquake was gener- 

 ally stated to have been felt as a kind of wave movement, 

 advancing along on the earth. Many of the observers speak 

 of two shocks, or, at least, of one prolonged shock, especially 

 severe at its beginning and end. The permanent effects of 

 the earthquake upon the earth and upon the water were but 

 slight. As regards effects upon the atmosphere, opposing 

 reports seem to have been received by Von Seebach. In 

 numerous instances in which jnists of wind were observed in 

 connection with the earthquake, he states that it is very un- 

 likely that they should have had any real connection with 

 that phenomenon. In only a very small region was the shock 

 sufficiently severe to injure the mortar or stone of buildings, 

 the severest being at Nuremberg. Numerous curious in- 

 stances are recorded of the effects of the phenomenon upon 

 the actions of animals, especially those in the Dresden Zoolog- 

 ical Gardens; and some things appeared to show satisfacto- 

 rily that animals perceived the approach of the earthquake 

 a short time before it was noticed by men ; the explanation 

 of the fact being simply that such animals were conscious of 



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