114 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



nection with the Austrian Davy and commercial marine on 

 the one hand, and with the system of schools and the Nation- 

 al Meteorological Bureau on the other. The temperatures 

 of the water are taken at various depths, increasing regular- 

 ly from the surface down to 120 feet, and many interesting 

 phenomena will be noted in examining the detailed observa- 

 tions as printed in the report. 



The changes of temperature, at great depths, are certainly 

 very remarkable; showing, apparently, that currents exist, 

 even at the lowest depths just mentioned, which are directly 

 dependent upon the winds and the temperature of the air at 

 the surface. The numerous accurate observations of the 

 tides, and the somewhat complicated phenomena that they 

 present, have incited Professor Stahlberger to a more care- 

 ful investigation of the ebb and flood tides in the harbor of 

 Fiume, which he represents as probably being phenomena 

 resulting from the interference of four simple oscillations of 

 the ocean, arriving simultaneously at that harbor. Third 

 Report Adr. Com. 



NEW ADMIRALTY WIND AND CURRENT CHARTS. 



The Admiralty charts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian 

 oceans show, for the four seasons, the pressure, winds, and 

 temperature over all parts of the globe covered by the sea. 

 The most important piece of new work in these charts is the 

 isobares, which give the barometric pressure for each of the 

 seasons, and which, taken in connection with Buchan's iso- 

 bares for the continents, may be regarded as the first approxi- 

 mation to a complete representation of the earth's atmosphere 

 over both land and sea. A minute examination seems to 

 show that the greatest care has been taken in the construc- 

 tion of these important means. In general, it seems that in 

 the ocean to the westward of each of the continents there is 

 at all seasons an area of high pressure. In these areas the 

 absolute pressure is greatest during the winter months of the 

 respective hemispheres. The position and shape of the iso- 

 bares appear to be largely determined by that of the conti- 

 nents adjoining. The barometric Gradients are much less on 

 the western than on the eastern side of the areas of hierh 

 pressure. Out of these areas the winds blow in all directions 

 in accordance with the well-known Buys Ballot law, so call- 



