256 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



ruaiy, in latitude 65 42' S., longitude 79 49' E. Here, at 

 the depth of 1675 fathoms, the trawl brought up the usual 

 variety of animals. A large number of the species collected 

 were entirely new to science. 



The most striking result obtained during this section of 

 the expedition was the discovery that, whenever the sea bot- 

 tom contained globigerina ooze and the red clay produced 

 by the decomposition of foraminifera shells, there the seas 

 above it abounded in living globigerinoe, pulvinulince, and or- 

 bulinw, as shown by the use of the towing-net down to 150 

 fathoms. Professor Thomson was therefore led to the con- 

 clusion, quite contrary to a previous impression, that the bulk 

 of the materials at the bottom is in all cases derived from 

 the surface. He, however, admits the existence of other forms 

 of foraminifera as living organisms in the bottom mud, but in 

 comparatively small numbers. He further remarks that the 

 difference between the living and free-floating globigerinm 

 and their shells at the bottom is so great as to add to the 

 certainty that the latter are dead, although frequently con- 

 taining organic matter. 



A serious inconvenience experienced during these researches 

 in the antarctic regions was the severity of the weather, the 

 instruments becoming so cold that it was unpleasant to handle 

 them, and the vapor of the breath condensing and freezing at 

 once upon the glass and brass work. 



As the result of the investigations relative to the percent- 

 age of carbonic acid in the water, it was found that the small- 

 est amount occurred at the surface of the water near Kenrue- 

 len Land, and the largest amount was found in the bottom 

 water close to the antarctic ice. 12 A, June 25, 1874, 14.2. 



HORETZKY OX THE HUDSON'S BAY TERRITORY. 



A memoir by Mr. Charles Horetzky, on the country north- 

 west of Canada, contains a sketch of a portion of the great 

 region recently under the control of the Hudson's Bay Com- 

 pany, and has special reference to the route of the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway. Mr. Horetzky is of the opinion that the 

 region surveyed is eminently suited to the construction of 

 this great enterprise, and that the grades and the climate are 

 such as to furnish a very favorable comparison with any lines 

 within the United States. 



