264 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



two or more tribes are united in a confederacy. This is usu- 

 ally a very loose organization, and is constantly changing. 

 One of the influential chiefs of the tribes is recognized to a 

 greater or less extent as the chief of the confederacy. Such 

 a confederacy often takes the name of the principal chief; 

 sometimes it takes the name of the principal tribe, or, again, 

 it will take the name of some important event which has led 

 to the organization of the confederacy. 



Another class of names originate in this way : A great 

 many tribes in Utah, Nevada, and Northern Arizona are 

 known to white men as Pah-Utes or Pi-Utes. The origin of 

 this name is as follows : A long time ago, as the Indians ex- 

 press it, there was a tribe of Indians living about Utah Lake 

 known as U-tah-ats. Another, known as Tim-pa-no-ga-tsits, 

 living on the Timpanogas, a Provo river, made war upon 

 them, drove them away, occupied their country about Utah 

 Lake, and called themselves U-tah-ats. The defeated Indians 

 moved farther to the south, and settled on the stream which 

 is now known as the Beaver, but they always claim that 

 they are the true or Pai U-tah-ats, pai signifying true. Thus 

 this latter tribe has two names : its proper name, Kwi-um- 

 poos, derived from the district of country which it now in- 

 habits, and Pai U-tah-ats, the name derived from the coun- 

 try from which it was driven ; and by the surrounding tribes 

 it is called indiscriminately by either name. 



It seems that the war which resulted in this new occupa- 

 tion of the country was somewhat general among the sur- 

 rounding Indians, and that the original U-tah-ats had as allies 

 several other tribes to the south and west; and thus it hap- 

 pens that all of the Indians who fought with the Pai U-tah- 

 ats are sometimes called by the same name as a general des- 

 ignation, though known to the surrounding tribes by their 

 several proper names ; but the white man has taken this 

 name, Pai U-tah-ats, and extended it to many other tribes 

 even in Northern Arizona and Southern California, and a 

 group of Indians about Walker River and Pyramid Lake in 

 Nevada, whose confederate name is Pa-ri-o-too, have received 

 the same name, Pah-Utes. 



There are other classes of names by which tribes are known 

 to each other names which are not used by the tribes them- 

 selves, referring to some peculiarity of habit or custom, such 



