158 



The Canadian Field-Naturalist 



[Vol. XXXVI 



ment and progress. Until it enters its decadence, 

 no city, State, or nation ever deconsecrates and 

 gives back to commercial uses a park or a wild 

 life sanctuary that has once been dedicated to the 

 whole people as theirs." 



Eastern Canada has four huge game reserves, 

 Manitoba and Saskatchewan have thirty-one, 

 mostly small ones; Alberta and British Columbia 

 have seven between them, including the immense 

 areas of Jasper Park and the Rocky Mountains 

 Park at Banff. Maps of these parks and wild 

 life sanctuaries are given, together with accounts 

 of their principal attractions, and anyone in 

 Canada or outside of it who expects ever to spend 

 a vacation in Canada should have the book as a 

 companion. 



The Buffalo Park at Wainwright, Alberta, is a 

 most successful experiment. A few hundred 

 buffalo purchased in Montana in 1908 have 

 increased to more than five thousand and are now 

 taxing the resources of the park. The whole 

 story of the former abundance of the buffalo and 

 its tragic extermination as a wild animal is graph- 

 ically told, the future of the buffalo is discussed, 

 as well as the results of cross-breeding with 

 domestic cattle. An area southwest of Medicine 

 Hat has been fenced to include a herd of wild 

 antelope on their native range, and they are 

 increasing, an encouraging sign, as antelope have 

 never thrived when captured and confined. The 

 extended chapter on the game animals of Canada, 

 describing their distribution, habits, and present 

 numbers, will be a delight to the general reader. 

 Much illuminating knowledge is given in regard 

 to the increase of the common deer after the settle- 

 ment of the country, and the book also sums up 

 the tangible part of the mass of floating data 

 regarding the numbers and possibility of utiliza- 

 tion of the barren ground caribou and gives a fair 

 presentation of the present knowledge of the 

 reindeer industry in Alaska and its applicability 

 to Canada. The rapid shrinkage in the numbers 

 of the muskox is lamented and Dr. Hewitt's 

 share in securing a permanent closed season for 

 this interesting and valuable animal is discussed, 

 as well as the latest proposals for the potential 

 utilization of the muskox in a domesticated state. 



Under the heading of game birds and larger 

 non-game birds of Canada, particular attention is 

 given to those birds which have been recently so 

 reduced in numbers as to receive special protection 

 under the Migratory Birds Convention while the 

 other more important game birds are fully dis- 

 cussed. An excellent chapter is devoted to birds 

 in relation to agriculture. Under this are most 

 useful descriptions of methods of attracting birds, 

 lists of native trees and shrubs bearing fruits 



attractive to birds, methods of building bird- 

 houses, destruction of bird enemies, and an ac- 

 count of the subject of bird sanctuaries. In 

 another chapter the enemies of wild life are given 

 detailed attention, the most important feature in 

 this line being the wolf and coyote problem as 

 affecting big game and the livestock interests. 



Taken as a whole the book may be said to 

 contain something of interest to every person who 

 is interested in any phase of wild life and there 

 are few who can not qualify in that class. The 

 year since the above was written has conclusively 

 demonstrated to the writer its great value as a 

 reference book and any Canadian library, public 

 or private, is incomplete without it. The scientist, 

 naturalist, and teacher find in Dr. Hewitt's book 

 facts not assembled elsewhere, and made clear by 

 maps and charts; the conservationist and law- 

 maker find arguments for justifying their claims, 

 and all Canadians may take pride in reading that 

 their country has done so creditably in the world- 

 wide movement for conservation, and feel grati- 

 tude to Dr. Hewitt, the lamented friend of man 

 who did so much for the cause of conservation 

 and so gracefully and graphically recorded it. 

 R. M. A. 



Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1906-20 



{Supplement to Annual Reports of the Depart- 

 ments of Marine and Fisheries and Naval 

 Service, Ottawa, 1912-21.) 



The first two (1901-1902-05) numbers or 

 volumes of this important Government publication 

 dealing with marine and freshwater biology have 

 been reviewed in the Ottawa Naturalist for May, 

 1902, and October, 1907, where also the history 

 and organization of the Biological Station at St. 

 Andrews, N.B., is recorded. 



Since then, and until the changing of the 

 editorial office from Ottawa (Prof. Prince), to 

 Toronto (Prof. McMurrich), in 1921, six volumes 

 (1906-10, 1911-4. 1914-5. 1915-6, 1917, 1918-20) 

 have appeared, still further increasing the scientific 

 value of these reports, and showing the great 

 variety of subjects studied by the contributors. 

 In addition to the Atlantic Station, two more 

 biological stations were established, one at Depar- 

 ture Bay (Nanairrio), B.C., and the other at 

 Georgian Bay, Ont. The latter was, however, 

 discontinued after some years, as similar work is 

 being done by institutions in Toronto, and the 

 collections made deposited in the Government 

 museums. The Biological Board of Canada has 

 however up to this day, continued the investiga- 

 tions of fishery-problems in the Great Lakes and 

 published the results thereof. 



Apart from the many treatises on Algae and 



