US ZOOPHYTES. 



Familia II. Sertui.arid.e. Ovulis in vesiculo inclusis, gcmmis lateralibus persis- 

 tentibus : corallis corneis, caliculis sessilibus. 



Centra. Antennularia, Plumularia, Sertularia, Thuiaria, Thou, Pasythea. 



Familia III. Campanilarid.e. Ovulis in vesiculo inclusis, gcmmis lateralibus per- 

 sistentibus ; corallis corneis, caliculis pedicellatis. 



Genera. Laomedea, Campanularia. 



Familia IV. TttbulahidjE. Gemmulis nudis caduceis, juxta tentaculos enascentibus ; 

 animalia sa3pe coralligena, corallis corneis, tubulatis. 



Genera. Pennaria, Tubularia, Syncoryna, Corydendrium, Eudendrium, Coryna, 

 Hydractinia. 



A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF FORMER AUTHORS. 



— The principal systems of classification in this department of Zoology, are those of 

 Lamarck, Lamouroux, Schweigger, Blainville, Ehrenberg, and Milne Edwards. 



Lamarck. — This author included under the head of Polyps, the Infusoria and Rotifera, 

 together with the Corallinae (Alga') and Sponges. The following are his subdivisions, 

 as given in the second edition of his work on Invertebrate Animals, with their equiva- 

 lents, where there are such, in the system adopted. 



Ordo I. Polypi ciliati. Includes the Infusoria and Rotifera. 



Ordo II. Polypi denudati, or naked polyps. A group of unrelated genera, compris- 

 ing the Hydra;, part of the Zoanthida?, and part of the Tubularidae. 



Ordo III. Polypi vaginati, or coralligenous polyps, subdivided as follows : 



1. " Polyjriers Jluviatiles" some fresh-water Bryozoa with the Spongillae. 



2. " Polypiers vaginiformes." The Hydroidea, excepting the Hydras, together with 

 some Bryozoa and Coralline Alga?. 



3. " Polypiers & rest a a." Mostly Bryozoa. 



4. " Polypiers foramines ;" compact calcareous corals with small cells, without 

 rays. The Tubiporas of the Alcyonaria, and the Favosites, Cateniporse and Milleporse of 

 the Madrepore tribe, with some others. 



5. "Poli/piers lamelliftres* Calcareous with rayed cells. The coralligenous As- 

 trseacea, Caryophyllacea, and the Madreporacea, excepting the Favosites, Cateniporee, 

 and Milleporoe. 



6. " Polypiers corticijeres." The Antipathi anil Gorgonidae, with many of the 

 Coralline Algae. 



7. "Polypiers empates." The Sponges, with some of the Coralline Alga. 

 Ordo IV. Polypi tubiferi. The family Alcyonidae. 



Ordo V. Polypi natantes. The Pennatulidae from among the Alcyonaria, together 

 with the family of Encrinites, which belong with Echinoderms. 



Lamouroux. — Lamouroux, excluding the first order of Lamarck, arranges Zoophytes 

 in three groups. 1. Those that are flexible r>r not entirely stony; 2. Those that arc 

 stony and not ■flexible; and -'i Those that are flesh;/ {sarcoid) without a centra/ axis. 

 He included in the first division, the Hydroidea, part of the Bryozoa, the Corallina\ 

 Sponges, and Gorgonidae; in the 2d. The remainder of the Bryozoa, the Caryophyllia, 

 Astrsea, and Madrepore tribes, together with the " Foramines" of Lamarck ; and in the 

 3d. The Alcyonia, Zoanthida', and other unallied species. 



Schweigger. — Schweigger divides Zoophytes into Z. monohyla, and Z. hetero- 



