INTRODUCTION. 7 



the literature which I was able to consult.* He originally proposed the 

 problem and repeatedly gave excellent and timely suggestions during 

 the progress of the paper. I was enabled to visit Mammoth and other 

 caves through grants from the American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science. The following persons also kindly assisted me by 

 specifically determining many of the animals found and in certain cases 

 indicating the known habits and distribution of the species: H. F. 

 Wickham, Iowa City, Iowa, the Coleoptera; D. W. Coquillett, United 

 States Department of Agriculture, C. F. Adams, Chicago University, 

 and C. T. Brues, Milwaukee (Aphiochssta) , the Diptera; Nathan Banks, 

 East End, Virginia, the Arachnida; Miss Mary Murtfeldt, Kirkwood, 

 Missouri, and H. G. Dyar, U. S. National Museum, the Lepidoptera; J. W. 

 Folsom, Champaign, Illinois, the Thysanura; R. V. Chamberlain, Salt 

 Lake City, Utah, the Myriapoda; A. S. Pearse, Chicago, the Copepoda; 

 and W. P. Hay, Washington, District of Columbia, the Crangonyx gracilis 

 Smith. Charles Zeleny, of Indiana University, is also credited with en- 

 couragement and many kindnesses during the last year spent upon this 

 problem. Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigenmann and later Mrs. Mary Slack Banta 

 kindly went over much of the text of the paper with me and made 

 valued suggestions on the form. C. F. Adams, of Chicago University, 

 has described the two species of Diptera. J. W. Beede, of Indiana 

 University, kindly supplied the contours for'the cave map, and E. R. 

 Cumings the photographs of the mouth of the cave. W. L. McAtee 

 and W. L. Hahn, of Washington, District of Columbia, assisted in 

 naming the mammals. 



* After this paper was in manuscript I was enabled to consult much additional 

 literature on cave life at the library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam- 

 bridge, Massachusetts, but the pressure of other work prevented as full use of it as 

 was desirable. 



