ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES, ETC. 11 



INVESTIGATORS WHO HAVE WORKED ON THE PROBLEM. 



The work recorded in this monograph has been done by twelve investigators, who 

 have worked from one to nearly three years each upon the problem. Drs. Clover, 

 Hosford, Howard, Kreider, Smith, and Winston worked one year each. Drs. 

 Jacobson, Shaeffer, and Wight worked two years each, while Drs. Springer, West, and 

 Wightman worked between two and three years each. 



The following abbreviations are used after the name of the compound to show by 

 whom the work in question was done; the first abbreviation referring to the inves- 

 tigator who worked over the range in temperature to 35, and the second abbre- 

 viation referring to the one who worked over the temperature range 35 to 65. In 

 a number of cases the same experimenter studied a given salt over both ranges in 

 temperature. In these cases there is, of course, onty one abbreviation. 



C = Clover J = Jacobson Sm = Smith Wt = Wight 



H = Hosford K = Kreider Sp = Springer Wm = Wightman 



Hw = Howard Sh = Shaeffer W=West Ws = Winston 



THE RESULTS. 



The volume of the solution, or the number of liters, that contain a gram-molecular 

 weight of the electrolyte, is expressed by v. The molecular conductivity calculated 



CVCL 



by the equation //= - is expressed by ju at the temperature in question; c being 



wo 



the constant of the cell, V the volume of the solution, a the reading on the arm of 



the bridge next to the rheostat, w the resistance in the box, and b the other arm 



of the bridge. 



The percentage dissociation, represented by a, is calculated from the equation 



a , /j v being the molecular conductivity at the volume v, and ju^ the molec- 



ular conductivity at complete dissociation. 



The temperature coefficients are expressed both in "conductivity units" and in 

 "per cent." The coefficients in "conductivity units" are calculated thus 



Coefficient = ^~M 

 h-t 



where t x is the higher temperature and t the lower temperature. The coefficient in 

 "per cent" is calculated by dividing the coefficient in "conductivity units" by /ut, 

 i. e., by the molecular conductivity at the lower temperature. 



The values of a for some of the salts are not given. This is the case with those 

 salts for which the value of /z^ was not nearly reached at the highest dilution used 

 in this work. Such salts are nearly always strongly hydrolyzed by water, and this 

 is the chief reason why the maximum molecular conductivity was not obtained at 

 the highest dilutions employed. In such cases it is not possible to calculate even 

 the approximate dissociation. 



