166 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. 



PASSERES. OSCINES. 



FRINGILLIDAE. 



Fringilla erythrophthalma Linne, Syst. nat, ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, 

 p. 180. "America." 



Thickets and sprout land; nests on the ground, rarely in bushes. 



Me. Uncommon summer resident in southwestern counties. 

 May 6-Oct. 18 (Nov. 21). 



N. H. Common summer resident in southern part, becoming 

 uncommon north to White Mt. valleys. May 1-Oct. 15. 



Vt. Uncommon summer resident. May-Sept. 



Mass. Common summer and very rare winter resident. (April 

 2) April 18-Oct. 22 (Nov. 30, Dec. 4); (winter). Eggs, May 17- 

 June 12. 



R. I. Common summer and very rare winter resident. April 

 19-Oct. 13 (Jan. 14, 1896, Newport). Eggs, May 21-June 3. 



Conn. Common summer and very rare winter resident. 

 April 25-Nov. 25 (Dec. 28, 1908, New Haven; Jan. 22, 1876, 

 Portland). Eggs, May 21-June 6. 



308. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linne) Lichtenstein. 



Cardinal; Cardinal grosbeak; Red-bird; Virginia nightingale. 



Loxia cardinalis Linne, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 172. 

 "in America septentrionali." 



Pitylus cardinalis Linne. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 

 3, p. 198, pi. 203. Egg, Capen, 1886, pi. 10, figs. 11,12. 



Bushy fields and thickets; nests in bushes. 



Me. Several recorded; probably some are escaped cage birds 

 (9 from flock of three, Gardiner, Dec. 19, 1895). 



Vt. Rare visitor or escape : Brattleboro. 



Mass. Occasional visitor at all seasons and escape ; doubtfully 

 stated to have bred at Cambridge (a wild bird and a freed cage bird 

 nested in Brookline, eggs, June 6, 189S). 



Conn. Occasional visitor or escape. 



