32 The Ottawa Naturalist. [May 



culty when he wrote : ' ' Care is to be taken that intraf ormational 

 breccias are not to be confounded with intraformational con- 

 glomerates. The former have a wide geographic distribution, 

 and owe their origin to local disturbances within the beds af- 

 fected, without pre-supposing elevation above sea level and 

 erosion." As will be pointed out later, limestone breccias can 

 be formed under other than truly tectonic conditions. It may 

 seem strange at first to consider a mud-cracked limestone as a 

 brecciated rock, and yet viewed in cross section, or at right 

 angles to the bedding plane, the hand specimen or field section 

 will often show a characteristic brecciated structure. It is, 

 therefore, proposed in the present classification to introduce two 

 new terms, glomerate and phenoclast, in describing all those 

 rocks (glomerate) which are of sedimentary origin, coarse, or 

 psephitic in texture, whether or not their "show" constituents 

 (phenoclasts) give signs of attrition and transportation. 



Glomerate, according to the Century Dictionary, means 

 "collected into a spherical form or mass." It is an old 

 English word and rarely used. Conglomerate, in its ordinary 

 sense, is also defined as "collected or clustered together," 

 the shape of the materials forming the cluster being un- 

 defined; while the geological term " conglomerate " is defined 

 as "a rock made up of the rounded and water-worn debris of pre- 

 viously existing rocks, etc.," (the italics are the writer's). It 

 is proposed to use the term glomerate in a geological sense to 

 mean any sedimentary or clastic rock made up of roughly graded 

 debris formed within itself or from pre-existing rocks. Such a 

 term would cover breccias, conglomerates and certain other rocks 

 of doubtful origin, and its need will be more obvious further on 

 in this paper. Nauman, in his "Geognosie," proposed the term 

 Psepkite, but it has never been widely adopted, and probably 

 never will be, although it is a useful and descriptive word in 

 petrology and geology. Nauman defined psephite structure 

 thus: "Die Fragmente, aus welchen die klastischen Gesteine 

 bestehen, sind entweder gross, so dass sie als formliche Gestein- 

 stucke erscheinen, welche theils eckig theils abgerundet sein 

 koennen. In diesem Falle lasst die structure als psephite-struc- 

 ture bezeichen, weil sich die betreffenden Gestein als Agregate 

 grossere oder kleinen Steinen darstellen " (p. 446. The 

 italics are the writer's.) 



Phenoclast. There is as great a need for a term to ex- 

 press the order or size of the constituents in a sedimentary rock 

 as there is for the term phenocryst, which designates a large 

 crystal in the ground mass of a crystalline rock. Phenoclast, 

 from pheno: show; and clast: clastic, broken piece or fragment, 



