374 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



separate fragments are united into a nearly uniform mass. 

 After these layers have dried sufficiently they are passed un- 

 der a roller, so as to smooth them oft' and give to them the 

 external appearance of the original leather. 6 C,June 1, 216. 



SIMPLE WASHING AND IRONING MACHINES. 



An English contemporary describes a simple apparatus, to 

 be used in washing, that certainly has the merit of great sim- 

 plicity. It consists of a neat hand frame, about nine inches 

 long by five inches wide, weighing about one and a half 

 pounds, and having one plain and two corrugated rollers, or 

 one corrugated and two plain rollers, between which are 

 about three dozen patent knuckle rubbers. The clothes, be- 

 ing well soaked in a tub or machine, are spread upon the side 

 of the tub, or upon a washing-board, and the machine drawn 

 quickly over them until the dirt is washed out. The clothes 

 are then taken out of water, and the operation repeated, by 

 which means they are pressed dry and made ready for hang- 

 ing out. No hand-rubbing is needed, and it is stated that 

 any one can use it. There is said to be no noise made in the 

 operation, nor any strain or violence to the linen. Another 

 article of similar utility is a simple contrivance, consisting of 

 an under frame about sixteen inches long, having two plain 

 rollers, to be used on a board or table as a smoothing and 

 mangling apparatus. 18 A, October 14, 80. 



REMOVAL OF GYPSUM FROM WATER. 



An easy method of removing gypsum from water consists 

 in the application of the native carbonate of baryta, ground 

 to a fine powder, in the proportion of about half a pound to 

 a large pailful. After the addition of this substance the wa- 

 ter is well stirred, and left at rest for twenty-four hours to 

 deposit the sediment, after which it is to be poured off, and 

 may be used. 1 A, February 11, 1870, TO. 



IMITATION OF HUMAN HAIR. 



In an article upon the trade in human hair the author 

 states that a patent has recently been taken out for convert- 

 ing goat's hair into hair for ladies' use, and that the experi- 

 ment is so successful as to render it almost impossible to 

 distinguish the real article from the imitation. This will be 



