396 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



of the wicks enter burners placed at the top of the reservoir. 

 When these burners are lighted they constitute a regular 

 stove, by means of which the warming of the carriage is ef- 

 fected. 8 A.October 1, 193. 



SINGLE-RAIL TRAMWAY IN INDIA. 



A new form of single-rail tramway has lately been intro- 

 duced in India with a satisfactory result. The vehicles used, 

 in addition to the ordinary wheels, have a pair of flanged 

 wheels, one behind the other, running on the single rail which 

 is laid at the centre of the track. The flanged wheels are 

 adjusted by a screw, so as to take all the weight off the or- 

 dinary wheels, without lifting them from the roadway. An 

 experimental line has been laid, in part at an incline of 1 in 

 40, and along this a pair of bullocks draw a load of three 

 tons. The advantages are, first, a very great diminution of 

 power expended in hauling, as compared with traction on 

 common roads; secondly, that the cost of construction is only 

 one half that of an ordinary tramway with two lines of rails. 

 5 A, October, 1870,431. 



SIZE OF NARROW-GAUGE RAILAVATS. 



The subject of the proper dimensions of narrow-gauge rail- 

 ways was fully discussed in the mechanical section of the 

 British Association, and Mr. Fairlie, to whom the introduction 

 of this important principle is largely due, presented a report, 

 in which he concludes in favor of the 3-foot gauge rather 

 than one of 3 feet 6 inches, as admitting the use of stock of 

 ample size and of less weight. This will be about two thirds 

 the size of the gauge heretofore generally in use, namely, 4 

 feet 8-J inches to 4 feet 10 inches. 15 A, August 12, 219. 



EXTER RAILW r AY BRAKE. 



We find in a recent German journal an account of a new 

 self-acting brake, invented by a German named Exter, which 

 has been put in very successful and satisfactory operation on 

 the Bavarian railroads. For the purpose of experiment, it 

 has been applied to cars of different sizes, large and small, 

 and on roads of a greater or less degree of inclination ; and 

 it has been found that, whatever be the rate of speed, a train 

 can be stopped by means of these brakes in a very short dis- 



