F. GEOGRAPHY. 107 



southern hemisphere with the same essential characteristics 

 as in the northern, yet with this difference, that every thing 

 must be reversed ; that is, the trend of the glacial abrasion 

 must be from the south northward ; the lee side of the abra- 

 ded rocks must be on the north side of hills and mountain 

 ranges, and the boulders must have been derived from rocky 

 exposures lying to the south of their present position. This 

 point, however, must be established by observation. The 

 professor thinks this will be found to be the case, with the 

 exception, perhaps, of the present glaciers of Tierra delFuego 

 and Patagonia. 



In reply to the possible inquiry as to what the question of 

 drift has to do with deep-sea dredging, he remarks that the 

 connection is closer than may at first appear. If drift is not 

 of glacial origin, but the product of marine currents, its for- 

 mation at once becomes a matter for the Coast Survey to in- 

 vestigate ; but he expresses the belief that it will be found 

 that, so far from being accumulated by the sea, the drift of 

 the low lands of Patagonia has been worn away to its pres- 

 ent extent by the continued encroachment of the ocean in 

 the same manner as the northern shores of South America 

 and of Brazil have been. 



EXPLORATIONS UNDER THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. 



Few establishments devoted to geographical research are 

 more industrious in fulfilling their mission than the Imperial 

 Russian Geographical Society of St. Petersburg, as shown by 

 the bulletins of progress published monthly by its secretary. 

 Among other enterprises recently enumerated as now under 

 prosecution are, first, the ethnological researches of Kusne- 

 row in the northwestern portion of the Russian empire; sec- 

 ond, investigations of the regions along the southern and 

 southwestern bank of Lake Onega ; third, geological investi- 

 gations in Finland and Sweden ; fourth, investigations into 

 the production of grain and the grain trade of Russia in the 

 interior provinces of the country; fifth, an ethnographical ex- 

 pedition into the region of the Southern Ussuri ; sixth, an ex- 

 pedition among the Tschuchchis ; seventh, a scientific expe- 

 dition along the Angara, for the purpose of investigating the 

 waterfalls of this river; eighth, a number of miscellaneous 

 enterprises of less moment ; and, finally, the important jour- 



