122 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



tion of the Polar Sea, where, in the shallow bays of the Mar- 

 in anian coast, there was a comparatively poor fauna, while at 

 a greater depth namely, from 80 to 200 fathoms the vari- 

 ety was unexpectedly large. 



All the large and more highly developed forms occurred at 

 great depths, certain echini, crabs, and sea spiders acquiring 

 comparatively colossal dimensions. Among the latter was a 

 species of pycnogonid which measured ten inches between 

 the tips of the outstretched arms. In fact, it was found that 

 the Polar Sea, along the Murmanian coast, was richer in ani- 

 mal life than any other part of the maritime portion of Euro- 

 pean Russia. 



The close relationship of the animals of this region with 

 those of the Atlantic Ocean is believed to be a further proof 

 of the existence of a branch of the Gulf Stream on this coast, 

 and thus to substantiate the views of Petermann of the great 

 extent of this stream, as opposed to the ideas of Findlay, 

 who denies that the Gulf Stream proper has power enough 

 to reach the European coast or exercise any influence upon* 

 its climate, believing it to be completely destroyed near New- 

 foundland by the southwest polar current,, and not to be 

 traceable any farther. 17 (7, December, 1870,452. 



EXPLORATIONS ABOUT NOVA ZEMBLA. 



From the detailed report by Von Heuglin of his late expe- 

 dition, recently published by Petermann, we learn that the 

 north coast of Nova Zembla is erroneously laid down on the 

 maps, especially the northeastern cape, which should be 

 placed at a latitude of 77 8', and a longitude of 71 east. 

 He was surprised to find a temperature of 41 Fahr. in the 

 Matotshkin Strait, which cuts through Nova Zembla, and a 

 still higher degree eastward, in the Kara Sea. The latter 

 fact is ascribed to the temperature of the fresh-water currents 

 streaming forth from the mouths of the Obi and Yenisei, 

 which were met with as far out as the latitude of 75. An 

 abundance of the glass balls used by the Norwegians for the 

 floats of nets, etc., was found on the northwest ^coast of Nova 

 Zembla, which had undoubtedly been carried there from the 

 LofTodens. 



Dr. Petermann calls attention to the very trifling cost of 

 this expedition of Von Heuglin compared with the impor- 



