130 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



EXPLORATIONS IX SOUTH AFRICA. 



Researches in South Africa by Mr. Bayne, prosecuted- for 

 the last two or three years, are considered as adding an im- 

 portant chapter to the history of the interior of that conti- 

 nent. The survey was extended over the gold-yielding coun- 

 try lying between the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers, the far- 

 thest point north reached being 17 30 / south latitude, the 

 distance from the Zambezi at one time being only 120 miles. 

 On this line Mr. Bayne met with the upper part of a number 

 of streams, flowing on the one side into the Zambesi, and on 

 the other into the Indian Ocean, the high lands forming the 

 water-shed of this part of Africa. 



SCHWEINFURTIl's DISCOVERIES IN CENTRAL AFRICA. 



Several foreign journals have much to say of the recent dis- 

 coveries made by Dr. Schweinfurth in Central Africa, as first 

 published in Petermann's Mittheilungen. The country ex- 

 amined by this gentleman lies to the northwest of the great 

 equatorial lakes, and his labors have tended to define the 

 limits of the Nile Valley in the direction of the equator, to 

 which he has approached more nearly than any other travel- 

 er. His letters contain very interesting accounts of adven- 

 tures among the Niam-Niams, a race of very peculiar and re- 

 markable character. After crossing the water-shed of the 

 Nile he met with another and totally different people, distin- 

 guished by the lighter color of their skin, and their blonde 

 and frizzled hair, as compared with the brown-colored skin 

 and long, silky hair of the Niam-Niams. They also possess 

 the unpleasant peculiarity of cannibalism to a greater degree 

 than is believed to exist among any other people on the face 

 of the globe at the present time. 13 A, January 15, 1871, 9G. 



ROCKY MOUNTAIN EXPLORATIONS. 



During the summer of 1870 two important expeditions 

 were engaged in prosecuting researches into the natural his- 

 tory and geology of the Rocky Mountains, and as these have 

 now returned to the East, we have been enabled to gather 

 some facts in regard to them which may be of interest. 



An appropriation having been made by Congress for the 

 purpose of continuing geological explorations commenced 



