532 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 

 ALLOY FOR JOINING BRASS TO IRON. 



The difficulty of uniting iron to brass is created by the 

 unequal rate of expansion in the two metals, which destroys 

 the unity when the temperature is changed. There is an 

 alloy of copper for which the inventor claims that its ex- 

 pansion by heat is so similar to that of iron and steel, that 

 the surfaces may be regarded, when joined, as permanently 

 united for all practical purposes. The formula is as follows : 

 Tin, three parts ; copper, thirty-nine and a half parts ; and 

 zinc, seven and a half parts. 18 A,October 13, 1871, 107. 



PHOSPHORUS BRONZES. 



A great advance has lately been made in the construction 

 of bronzes by the addition of a small percentage of phos- 

 phorus, although the precise function of this substance has 

 not been hitherto well understood. According to Levi and 

 Kunzel, however, one cause of the inferiority in bronze con- 

 sists in the constant presence of traces of tin in the state of 

 an oxide, which acts mechanically by separating the molecules 

 of the alloy, thus interposing a substance which in itself has 

 no tenacity. The addition of phosphorus reduces this oxide, 

 and renders the alloy much more perfect, improving its color, 

 its tenacity, and all its physical properties. The grain of its 

 fracture resembles more that of steel, its elasticity is much 

 augmented, and its resistance to pressure sometimes more 

 than doubled. Its durability is greater, and, when melted, 

 it is of greater fluidity, and fills the mould in its finest de- 

 tails. 3 B, September 14, 1871, 602. 



INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AT VIENNA IN 1873. 



Arrangements are now making for an international exhibi- 

 tion at Vienna in 1873, one great feature of which will be the 

 classification of the products of all countries in groups cor- 

 responding to their geographical positions. It is also ex- 

 pected that selections from the various museums of London, 

 Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Lyons, Munich, etc., will be exhibited 

 and compared, while it is also intended to represent a history 

 of prices, a history of industry, and a history of natural pro- 

 ductions, so that the world's progress in art, science, industry, 

 and natural products will thus be brought in contrast. Dur- 



