M. MATERIA MEDICA, THERAPEUTICS, AND HYGIENE.587 



instance of an outbreak of scarlet fever over a wide neigh- 

 borhood, it was ascertained that in every instance this took 

 place in families that had been supplied with milk by the 

 same milkman. On inquiry, it was found that persons con- 

 nected with the farm from which milk was supplied had been 

 infected with scarlet fever. The precautions to be taken, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Lennox, after the disease has made its ap- 

 pearance, are, in the first place, to isolate the patient, at what- 

 ever trouble or expense, preventing the approach of any one 

 excepting* the nurse and physician. With this, disinfectants 

 must be used with the utmost freedom, whether they be car- 

 bolic acid, permanganates of soda and potash, chloride of 

 zinc, chloride of aluminium, chlorinated lime or soda, sulphate 

 of iron, etc. These should be employed in and around the 

 patient. All his discharges and excretions should be imme- 

 diately disinfected, and all bed-clothing and linen worn by 

 the patient treated with the same care. Nurses in attend- 

 ance, and physicians touching the patient in any way, should 

 also wash their hands in a disinfecting solution before leav- 

 ing the room. Woolen clothing that can not be washed 

 should be exposed to a heat of at least 212, this tempera- 

 ture having the property of destroying the poisonous germs. 

 Even after the patient has apparently recovered, the precau- 

 tions should be maintained until the peeling off of the cuti- 

 cle, or the scales, has been entirely accomplished, as in many 

 cases the disease has been traced to the particles of this char- 

 acter. 12 A.November 17, 1870,41. 



LIEUENUE METHOD OF REMOVING NIGHT-SOIL. 



The difficulty of solving the problem of the economical and 

 speedy removal of night-soil is a subject that is continually 

 pressing upon the attention of our cities with increasing 

 weight, and numerous propositions looking toward this end 

 have been discussed or adopted. Among others, that of Mr. 

 Lieurnur, of Haarlem, has been received quite favorably, and 

 is being brought into practical application in various por- 

 tions of Europe. This consists in the establishment of a se- 

 ries of iron pipes, which bring the soil into iron reservoirs, 

 and which are so connected with an air-pump as to be capa- 

 ble of exhaustion. When this is done the connecting pipes 

 are opened, and the pressure of the air forces more or less of 



