6 ON GERMINAL TRANSPLANTATION IN VERTEBRATES. 



At variance with these results are the work of the following : Marchese, 

 Herlitzka, Marshall and Jolly, Burckhardt, and Preobrazhenski, in whose 

 work degeneration of the implanted foreign ovary was complete or nearly 

 so after short intervals. 



The work on heteroplastic ovarian grafting is small in amount, and the 

 evidence, taken as a whole, makes it safe to say that persistence of normal 

 tissue after a few days or weeks is very rare. 



Bucura (1907) reports the most favorable results. He transplanted ova- 

 ries of guinea-pigs into castrated female rabbits. In the first of his three 

 cases he found after eight weeks the uterus atrophied, but some evidence 

 of ovarian tissue without follicles. Another rabbit (similarly treated) 

 was killed after fifty-one days. In this animal there was no genital atro- 

 phy, and one of the guinea-pig ovaries showed some normal follicles and 

 a well-developed corpus luteum. The other was completely atrophied. 

 In the third case, after seventy-seven days, one of the grafted guinea-pig 

 ovaries was completely resorbed, the other nearly so; while atrophy was 

 advanced in the rabbit uterus. The author thinks that heteroplastic trans- 

 plantation is possible. 



Basso (1905) reports negative results in grafting ovaries between guinea- 

 pigs and rabbits. 



McCone (1899) cites a case of persistence of the ovaries of a bitch in a 

 female rabbit for three and a half months with prevention of genital atrophy 

 in the rabbit. He gives an illustration of this ovarian tissue. 



Lukaschewitsch (1901) believes that it is possible to transplant ovaries 

 from carnivorous to herbivorous animals and vice versa, and that genital 

 atrophy may be prevented. He obtained no young from animals so oper- 

 ated upon, and does not describe his operations in detail. 



3. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON OVARIAN GRAFTING IN MAN. 



It is not surprising when we turn to the clinical experiments to find that 

 autografts in women are by no means always successful. The material to 

 be grafted has been adult, and the organ often affected by tumor growth or 

 cystic and atrophic changes. Small wedges of the organ have been used. 



Many authors have advocated conservative surgery in order to avoid the 

 bad effects of precipitate menapause, but too often cases of this sort have 

 been reported as successful when the after history was incomplete. It is 

 safe to say that autografting of ovarian tissue in women has not given 

 nearly such uniform results as in animals under experimental conditions. 



Menstruation has been said to persist in as many as 20 percent of all cases 

 of ovariotomy. Furthermore, there are numerous cases reported of preg- 

 nancy after complete ovariotomj\ Doran (1902) cites three such cases. In 

 one of these, observed by himself, a definite focus of extra-ovarian tissue 

 was found at a second operation in the ovarian ligament. 



