108 



The Ottawa Naturalist 



[Vol. XXXII. 



below Eganville. The flat lying beds of the 

 paleozoic limestone which outcrops at this point 

 are used for this purpose. Large quantities of quick- 

 lime produced at these kilns have been shipped as 

 far as Toronto. 



BONNECHERE VALLEY ABOVE EGANVILLE. 

 The boulder clay soils do not extend very far west 

 of Eganville but become merged into sandy types, 

 the soils becoming more sandy and gravelly going 

 westward, except in the wide flat portion of the 

 valley between Golden lake and Round lake. This 

 part of the valley is underlain by silt, and is pro- 

 ductive and permanent farming land, but is restricted 



Killaloe station on the Grand Trunk railway, 16 

 miles west of Eganville and near the south shore 

 of Golden lake is a small local trading centre, but 

 the most of the business of this part of the valley is 

 tributary to Eganville. 



RAILWAYS. 

 A branch of the Grand Trunk railway coming 

 westward from Montreal through Ottawa enters the 

 Bonnechere valley at Renfrew. This line, origin- 

 ally known as the Canada Atlantic, was constructed 

 during the years 1892-97 for the purpose of assisting 

 lumbering operations in the highlands between the 

 Ottawa and Muskoka waters, and also as a link in 



Fig. 4. Wilno station on the Grand Trunk railway. The bare hills are mounds of fluvio- 

 sands and gravels unfit for the cultivation of crops. 



lacial 



height of 400 feet above the water borders the 

 northern shores of the two lakes and the intervening 

 in area. A steep walled escarpment rising to a 

 silt plain. The extensive upland nonh of the escarp- 

 ment is composed of solid granite gneiss ridges with- 

 out a particle of limestone and absolutely bare of 

 soil. It is one of the most repellant and barren 

 districts in the region, now that it has been denuded 

 of its forest covering. 



A few settlers endeavor to cultivate the sandy and 

 gravelly lands around the shores of Round lake, but 

 settlement practically ends here. The few habitants 

 who live west of this depend largely on the chase 

 of the fur-bearing and other animals which in- 

 cautiously venture outside of the sanctuary of the 

 Algonquin Park. 



a grain carrying route from the west having a 

 terminus at a port on the Georgian Bay. 



There is an easy grade up the bottom of the 

 Bonnechere valley but on leaving the valley to go 

 westward the escarpment presents serious difficulties 

 to railway construction. The highland is reached, 

 however, by taking advantage of a gap or de- 

 pression, known as the Hagerty pass, which occurs 

 just west of Golden lake. 



This pass is about 300 feet lower than the general 

 elevation of the upland. Its sides are lined with a 

 series of mounds and ridges of gravel and sand 

 of glacial origin, between which there is room for a 

 railway line (fig. 4). The railway line leaves the 

 valley bottom at Killaloe and reaches the summit of 

 the pass two miles west of Wilno station (fig. 1). 



