Urine. 345 



No. 73, during which 38.4 grams of fresh feces, weighing when air-dry 10.1 

 grams, were at first considered fasting feces, no definite indication of the 

 formation of fasting feces could be seen. Indeed, during the longest fasting 

 experiment, No. 75, which continued 7 days, it was impossible to distinguish 

 with a reasonable degree of accuracy any fasting feces. 



While it is undeniably true that the intestinal canal throws off from its 

 walls material as regularly as does the integument, it is highly improbable 

 that any considerable portion of the material thus thrown off enters the 

 large colon as the material thus deposited may be reabsorbed. Probably a 

 certain amount of the epithelial debris from the walls of the large colon 

 normally collects there, and may be considered as fasting feces. The amount 

 thus formed is, however, in all probability very much less than that shown 

 by any measurements thus far recorded. 



Chemical as well as microscopical examination of all feces passed during 

 fasting experiments considerably longer than these are essential for a proper 

 understanding of the nature of fasting feces. 



URINE. 



The chief end products of protein katabolism, at least those end products 

 containing nitrogen, are eliminated in the urine, and while it is impossible 

 to differentiate in the respiratory products between the carbon dioxide and 

 water of protein katabolism, and that of fat and carbohydrate katabolism, 

 a study of the compounds, especially the nitrogenous compounds in the urine, 

 furnishes as accurate a measure of protein katabolism as is yet available. 

 In the studies here reported, analyses of the urine were made with as great a 

 degree of completeness as pressure of other work and the facilities in the 

 laboratory would permit. Unfortunately the urines could not be analyzed with 

 the completeness that characterizes the analytical scheme of Folin. Since the 

 grosser study was more especially that of the gaseous exchange and heat 

 transformations as affected by inanition, the determinations of potential energy 

 in the urine were made. One difficulty which precluded the complete analysis 

 of urine was the inability at times to secure sufficient material for samples. 

 The determinations were invariably made in duplicate and in many instances 

 in triplicate, hence large amounts of urine were necessary. 



In interpreting the results of the urine analyses, each component of the 

 urine is given special consideration. 



VOLUME. 



Complete fasting during which no water is consumed results in lowering 

 in a marked manner the total amounts of urine voided per day. That this is 

 true is borne out by all the experimental data available, though unfortunately 

 the number of instances of complete inanition in which accurate observations 



