Volume of Urine. 349 



With regard to experiment No. 68, however, it is to be noted that it was 

 preceded by a metabolism experiment in the respiration chamber and the 

 records show that the quantity of water consumed during the preceding days 

 was probably much less than that consumed on the days preceding experiment 

 No. 69. On the average much smaller amounts of drinking-water were taken 

 by the subjects in the series of 2-day fasts, Nos. 79 to 89. 



With regard to the apparently excessive amounts of drinking-water consumed 

 by S. A. B., it is to be noted that he was especially cautioned to consume 

 considerable amounts of water. In some of the earlier experiments, especially 

 those with A. L. L., an unusually high specific gravity was observed in the urine, 

 and moreover the volume was insufficient to enable all the desired analyses to be 

 made. It was considered also that the fast might be endured with less 

 liability of causing discomfort if the volume of urine was kept relatively large 

 and the specific gravity relatively low. Furthermore, it had been the custom 

 of S. A. B. during his fasts in private to consume rather large amounts of 

 water. 



Having seen from the above statement that the amounts of drinking-water 

 vary considerably with different subjects, it is of interest to note the amounts 

 cf urine passed and especially the water of urine. An inspection of the data 

 on this point shows very wide fluctuations from experiment to experiment 

 and even between the different experiments with the same individual. The 

 lowest average weight per day of water in urine was in experiment No. 89 

 where there were but 545.89 grams. The largest daily elimination occurred 

 on the second day of experiment No. 73, and amounted to 2928.23 grams. 



In experiment No. 69, there was an average of nearly 300 grams less water 

 in the urine per day than in experiment No 68 with the same subject. The 

 average amounts of water eliminated per day in the urine of the subject 

 S. A. B. was more nearly constant, i. e., 1767.01 grams for experiment No. 71; 

 2156.51 grams for experiment No. 73; 1709.08 grams for experiment No. 75; 

 and 1818.35 grams for experiment No. 77. 



The relationship between the amount of water in the urine and the amount 

 of water ingested is of special significance. In column e of table 193 the 

 ratios of the weight of the water in the urine to the weight of the ingested 

 water are recorded. 



The wide variations in the amounts of water consumed and the water of 

 urine noted in all the experiments are clearly indicated by these ratios. The 

 lowest recorded for any given day is 0.628 on the first day of experiment No. 

 82. The highest ratio observed was that on the first day of experiment No. 80, 

 when the water in the urine was over 8 times that ingested, i. e., 8.326. It is 

 noticeable that both extremes in these ratios are found in the data for the 

 shorter fasting experiments. When the differences in body condition previous 

 to a fast are taken into consideration, it is not at all surprising that there are 



