Energy of Urine. 



491 



dized but that there may be a more or less marked acidosis with an accompany- 

 ing excretion of acids such as /? oxybutyric acid resulting from the partial 

 oxidation of fat. The total energy of the urine on each day of the fasting 

 experiments is given in table 236. 



Table 236. Total energy of urine excreted in metabolism, experiments without food. 



Exper- 

 iment 

 num- 

 ber. 



Subject and duration of 

 experiment. 



First 

 day. 



Second Third 

 day. day. 



Fourth 

 day. 



Fifth 

 day. 



Sixth 

 day. 



Seventh 

 day. 



59.. 

 68.. 

 69.. 

 71.. 

 73. . 

 75.. 

 77.. 

 79.. 

 80.. 

 81.. 

 82.. 

 83.. 

 85.. 

 89.. 



B.F.D., Dec. 18-20,1903 



A.L.L., Apr. 27-28, 1904 



A.L.L., Dec. 16-19, 1904 



S.A.B., Jan. 7-10, 1905 



S.A.B., Jan. 28-Feb. 1,1905.. 



S.A.B., Mar. 4-10, 1905 



S.A.B., Apr. 8-11, 1505 



A.E.S., Oct. 13-14, 1905 



C.R.Y., Oct. 27-28, 1905 



A.H.M., Nov. 21-22, 1905 



H.C.K., Nov. 24-25, 1905 



H.R.D., Dec. 5- 6, 1905 



N.M.P., Dec. 9-10,1905 



D.W., Jan. 10-11, 1906 



Average 



Cals. 

 91 

 92 

 92 

 58 

 86 

 97 

 90 

 72 

 75 

 80 

 88 

 116 

 96 

 93 



Cals. 

 106 



99 

 112 



91 



98 

 136 

 157 

 116 



97 

 109 

 122 

 151 



99 

 114 



88 



115 



Cals. 

 Ill 



120 

 99 

 96 



138 

 157 



120 



Cals. 



110 



86 



92 



146 



170 



Cals. 



92 



147 



121 



120 



Cals. 



146 



146 



Cals 



139 



139 



The smallest amount was found on the first day of experiment No. 71, 58 

 calories, and the largest amount on the fourth day of experiment No. 77, 170 

 calories. The total energy is invariably somewhat greater on the second day 

 than on the first. For all the experiments the average is 88 calories on the 

 first day and 115 calories on the second. In the 5 experiments which lasted 

 for 3 days or longer, the energy on the third day is a little greater than that 

 on the second day, while in experiments Nos. 75 and 77, there is a marked 

 increase of energy excreted in the urine on the fourth day. The excretion of 

 energy in experiment No. 75 remains fairly constant after the first day. 

 When it is considered that the energy liberated from the body in the form of 

 heat in some of these experiments was as low as 1500 to 1600 calories, it can 

 readily be seen that the energy of the urine may amount to nearly 10 per cent 

 of the total energy and hence especial care should be taken in experiments dur- 

 ing inanition to secure accurate measurements of this factor. 



The assumption pointed out on page 395 that non-nitrogenous material of 

 high carbon content is excreted in the urine during fasting receives substan- 

 tiation from the figures for the heat of combustion, for it is seen that the 

 large carbon excretion in the urine of experiments Nos. 75 and 77 is paralleled 

 by a large amount of energy. The difficulties attending the direct determi- 

 nation of the energy of urine have led to the attempt to secure a factor for 



