THE ANOPHELINES 193 



appearance and in nearly all the characters, but this appears to have been 

 acquired independently. The larvse frequent the water in hollow trees, and are 

 closely allied to the lower members of Aedes with a similar habit. 



Orthopodomyia is, in many respects, our most generalized culicine, the adults 

 with spotted wings and sometimes with broad wing-scales, the larvae without 

 pecten teeth on the air-tube and furnished with chitinous plates on some of the 

 abdominal segments. They inhabit the water in hollow trees or at the leaf -bases 

 of bromeliads. The eggs are laid singly or in small groups, glued to the sides of 

 the tree-hole above the water. This is probably the generalized type of oviposi- 

 tion of mosquitoes, confirming the position here assigned for the genus. It is 

 worthy of note that this type of oviposition also obtains in the Sabethini. 



The genus Uranotmiia possesses certain specialized characters, such as the 

 habit of laying the eggs in a raft and the reduced palpi of the imagos, but the 

 generalized condition of the larvae, with elongate heads, like those of Anopheles, 

 and the simple male genitalia show that it should occupy a low position. 



Aedeomyia, with its single species, is a peculiarly modified form, especially in 

 the larva, in which the usual respiratory mechanism is nearly obsolete, but its 

 general characters place it the lowest in the series. Both Uranotcenia and 

 Aedeomyia have acquired short palpi in both sexes, but this character of special- 

 ization has been acquired independently by members of different genera and is, 

 therefore, without deep significance. 



III. MEGAEHININES. 



The megarhinines contain the single genus Megarhinus. It is allied to the 

 lowest of the culicines and perhaps developed from a form like Orthopodomyia. 

 The larvae are predaceous on Orthopodomyia and other tree-hole inhabiting 

 mosquito larvae. The genus is somewhat isolated and has developed certain 

 specializations, so that we rank it as a separate group, although it is not strongly 

 disconnected. In fact, our three last groups, the culicines, megarhinines, and 

 anophelines present a rather uniform line of ascent, not sharply broken any- 

 where and lead up also to the deinoceritines. Megarhinus resembles Anopheles 

 in the scanty development of the setae of the mesonotum, the three longitudinal 

 rows of setae across the disk of the mesonotum, so conspicuous in the deino- 

 ceritines and most culicines being here wanting. In this respect the Sabethini 

 agree, and we take this to be a character of generalization. Megarhinus also 

 resembles Anopheles in the shape of the scutellum, which is not distinctly 

 trilobed. The species are large, as befits their predaceous habit. The adults 

 are very showy; they have a rigid proboscis which has become adapted to ex- 

 tracting honey from flowers. The American species have the palpi long in both 

 sexes, but in the Old World forms, the palpi of the female are shortened. 



IV. THE ANOPHELINES. 



The anophelines' contain the lowest of the true mosquitoes. We recognize 

 two genera, Anopheles and Coelodiazesis. The group, although generalized, is 

 stable, the species closely allied, yet distinct. The larvae are very uniform, many 

 being hardly distinguishable from one another specifically. The habits are 

 almost identical throughout. The male genitalia are of a very simple type like 

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