358 MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA 



ques, Portuguese East Africa (C. W. Howard) ; Hilo, Hawaii, April 5, 1902 (H. 

 W. Henshaw) ; Honolulu, Oahu, June 5, 1906 (C. S. Barber) ; Apia, Samoa, 

 January and February, 1905 (J. T. Lloyd) ; Iloilo, Philippine Islands, August 

 30, 1904 (G. W. McCoy) ; Manila, Philippine Islands, February 13 (through 

 C. S. Ludlow) ; Calcutta, India (A. Alcock). The species is reported also from 

 Bermuda (Verrill), the islands of Jamaica, St. Kitts, Santa Lucia, Carriacou, 

 and Grenada (Theobald), the Argentine (Arribalzaga), Chile (Macquart), 

 from many localities in Africa, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar, 

 the Mediterranean region, the East Indies, China, Japan, Fiji Islands, and the 

 east and south coasts of Australia (Theobald). 



This species has been treated by Theobald and those following him a? Ciilex 

 fatigans of Wiedemann, its range considered to embrace the warmer parts of the 

 eastern hemisphere as well the American continent and islands. Several species 

 have undoubtedly been included under this name, and the matter stands in some 

 confusion. However an examination of mounts of the male genitalia of speci- 

 mens from India and the Philippines proves that the species really has the dis- 

 tribution indicated by Theobald. The species is thus as widely spread as Aedes 

 calopus, and is, next to it, the most characteristic domestic mosquito of the tropi- 

 cal and subtropical parts of the globe. 



Say described Culex quinquc-fasciatus in 1823, and this appears to be the 

 earliest name we can assign to the species with any certainty. Wiedemann, in 

 1828, renamed the species Anopheles ferruginosus, apparently based upon some 

 of Say's original specimens, which he says he received. In 1905, the senior 

 author examined these specimens in the Naturhistorische Hofmuseum in 

 Vienna and found that they belonged to Culex; Coquillett has already pointed 

 out that Say's statement that the legs of this species are much shorter than those 

 of Anopheles punctipennis likewise indicates a Culex. In the same work, Wiede- 

 mann also described Culex pungens, which is undoubtedly the same species, but 

 not the Culex pungens previously described by Robineau-Desvoidy. He also de- 

 scribed Culex fatigans from a different locality. In 1857, Bigot described Culex 

 cubensis, adding another name to the synonymy. Finally Williston published a 

 Latin diagnosis, to which he later attached the name Culex penafieli. The de- 

 scription is inadequate, but we infer from the locality and manner of occurrence 

 that the species was our ubiquitous Culex quinquefasciatus. The types of 

 Williston's species are, we have been told, in the collection of the University of 

 Kansas, but we have been unable to have them located, probably because the 

 specimens are unlabelled. 



We consider it quite probable Germar's Culex doniesticus (Reise nach Dal- 

 matien und in das Gebiet von Ragusa, 290, 1817) will prove to be identical with 

 the present species. The description itself is unrecognizable, but his statement 

 that the species is abundant in houses, and that it bites more severely than Culex 

 pipiens, inclines us to this belief. However, without sufficient European mate- 

 rial for study, we are unwilling to decide this question. Should our suspicions 

 be confirmed the name doniesticus will have priority. Culex domesticus has 

 been considered a synonym of C. pipiens by modern authors. 



Culex flavipes Macquart is referred to the synonymy arbitrarily, upon proba- 

 bility. Its author, in the original description, acknowledged that his specimen 

 was almost completely denuded. Giles has examined the type in the museum of 

 the Jardin des Plantes in Paris and found it badly damaged and unrecogniz- 

 able. There is little doubt that the species identified by Arribalzaga as Culex 

 flavipes is the one under present consideration, for he expressly indicates that it 

 is an associate of man. Theobald (Mon. Culic, ii, 149, 1901) treats Culex 



