o 



76 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 



apical digits. Thorax subquadrate, rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, 

 very long, some of the laterals of the meso- and meta-thorax of brush-like tufts. 

 Abdomen slender, anterior segments short and transverse, posterior ones pro- 

 gressively more elongate; hairs moderate, lateral tufts of anterior segments 

 multiple, those of third to sixth double ; subdorsal hairs in fours and threes on 

 third to sixth segments. Tracheal tubes narrow, linear, flexuous. x\ir-tube 

 slender, long, about seven times as long as basal width, uniformly and very 

 slightly tapered, without any apical expansion; pecten small, reaching about 

 one-third of length of tube, followed by four small tufts along posterior line, the 

 subapical one out of line; single pecten tooth a moderate spine with wide base 

 and three long branches. Lateral comb of eighth segment of numerous scales 

 in a patch, single scale roundedly triangular, widest outwardly, the broad tip 

 fringed with about seven equal spines. Anal segment a little longer than wide, 

 ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft of two long and two short hairs on each side ; a 

 small double hair on lateral margin ; ventral brush well developed, limited by 

 the plate. Anal gills small, tapered, not as long as anal segment. 



The eggs (plate 147, fig. 687) are laid in boat-shaped masses. The larvae live 

 in ground-pools and artificial receptacles. They are often very abundant in 

 fresh-water marshes close to the sea-coast, which has led to the misleading 

 specific name, salinarius. The species is really not addicted to salt water, in fact 

 it never occurs in it, but in fresh-water pools, often far from the coast. The 

 larvae occur in rain-barrels and other artificial receptacles, mixed with Cidex 

 pipiens, Culex quinquefasciahis and Culex restuans. The females hibernate. 

 The life history, as far as known, seems to be very similar to that of Culex 

 pipiens. Dr. Dyar found the larvge in a fresh-water marsh back of a beach; 

 Mr. Caudell found them in a ditch ; Mr. Brehme in marshes ; Mr. Knab in a 

 pool in a stream-bed and in rain-barrels; Mr. Busck in rain-barrels and Mr. 

 Weber found them in various pools and ditches. 



United States, east of the Great Plains, apparently not extending into Canada. 



West Springfield, Massachusetts, August, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Elizabeth, Xew 

 Jersey, July 30 (H. H. Brehme) ; Altoona, Pennsylvania, associated with Culex 

 pipiens (H. L. Viereck) ; York, Pennsylvania (H. L. A^iereck) ; Chesapeake 

 Beach, Maryland, June 17 (H. G. Dyar) ; Georgetown, District of Columbia 

 (A. N". Caudell) ; St. Louis, Missouri, September, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Corbin, 

 Kentucky, August 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Cairo, Illinois, July 25, 1904 (H. 

 S. Barber) ; Urbana, Illinois, September, 1904 (P. Knab) ; Ames, Iowa, August 

 14, 1906 (H. J. Quayle) ; Baton Eouge, Louisiana (H. A. Morgan). The 

 species is also recorded from other localities in the same region. 



Culex salinarius was first found in the vicinity of salt-marshes, and was 

 wrongly supposed to be an inhabitant of salt water. It was named in allusion 

 to this supposition. It is more commonly found in the vicinity of salt-marshes, 

 though not in the water containing salt, at least normally or to any extent. The 

 banding of the abdomen of the adult varies, being either present or absent, and 

 we have consequently placed the species twice in our table. For remarks on Mr. 

 Weber's opinion of the mutability of this species, see our discussion under Culex 

 restuans (p. 337) . This species was at first identified as the species called Culex 

 nigritulus by Theobald, but which is not the nigritulus of Zetterstedt. Theo- 

 bald's nigritulus is considered by F. W. Edwards a varietal form of Culex 

 pipiens L., not occurring in America. The true nigritulus of Zetterstedt has 

 been referred by Edwards as a synonym to Aedes cinereus Meigen (The 

 EntomoL, 1912, 263, 1912). 



