502 MOSQUITOES OF NOETH AMERICA 



Gexeric Diagnosis of Adult: 



Proboscis moderately long, uniform; palpi short in the female, but not extremely 

 so, long in the male, as long or longer than the proboscis; antennae filiform in the 

 female, the joints subequal with basal whorls of rather sparse short hairs, plumose 

 in the male, the last two joints long, the others short, enlarged at insertions of hair- 

 whorls; tori small. Clypeus nude. Prothoracic lobes well separated. Postnotum 

 nude. Abdomen in the female subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip; in the male 

 elongate, with abundant lateral ciliation. Wings moderate. Claws simple in the 

 female, front and middle ones toothed and unequal in male. Tibial scraper of the 

 hind feet with a row of about eight spines. Female with three separate receptacula 

 seminis. 

 Generic Diagnosis of Labva: 



Head rounded, flattened, the antennae very long, with a large hair tuft towards the 

 basal third. Air-tube with basal half rounded conical, outer half very slender; a 

 crown of hooks at the tip; no pecten, a single pair of long hair tufts near base. 

 Lateral comb of eighth abdominal segment a row of single spines. Anal segment 

 ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft and ventral brush large. 



The genus Mansonia extends throughout America, except the boreal regions, 

 and is reported from the warmer parts of the Old World. The life habits are 

 such as to limit its distribution to swampy regions. 



The species were originally included under Culex. In 1891, Lynch- Arri- 

 balzaga founded his genus Tceniorliynchus, type not stated, but including three 

 species, Culex tceniorliynchus, Wiedemann, Tceniorhynchus confinnis Arribal- 

 zaga, and T. fasciolatus Arribalzaga, in the order named. The first species, 

 tceniorhynchus Wied., should have been considered the type of the genus, not 

 only from being the first, but also by absolute tautonomy (Stiles, Public Health 

 and Marine-Hospital Service, Hygien. Lab., Bull. 21, 27, Eule 5, 1905). How- 

 ever, Theobald concluded that the specimens before Arribalzaga could not have 

 been Culex tceniorhynchus Wiedemann, but must have been Culex titillans 

 Walker, which name Arribalzaga erroneously cites as a synonym of Culex tcenio- 

 rhynchus Wiedemann. Theobald then proposed a new name, 'Panoplites, 

 founded on titiUans as type ; he cited as the type of the genus Tmiiorhynchus, 

 T. fasciolatus Arribalzaga, the last species of the original genus, under the rule 

 that where the type is not mentioned a subsequent author may select any of the 

 original species as type. We have not adopted this proceeding, considering the 

 question of identification to have been wrongly raised and the type of Tcenio- 

 rhynchus Arribalzaga fixed as Culex tceniorhynchus Wiedemann by tautonomy. 

 It thus is disposed of as a synonym of Aedes. The name Panoplites was found 

 to be preoccupied and changed to Mansonia by Blanchard, in honor of Sir Pat- 

 rick Manson, an eminent English physician. Eecently Brethes, recognizing 

 that the generic name Tceniorhynchus could not be used with T. fasciolatus as 

 the type, proposed the name Rhynchotaenia. The same course of reasoning led 

 Theobald to propose the name Pseudotceniorhynchus. As, however, the genera 

 Mansonia and Tceniorhynchus as defined by Theobald are not distinct, these 

 terms become synonyms of Mansonia. 



Mansonia was originally founded on scale characters, the wing scales being 

 broacl and peculiarly shaped in some of the species. Neveu-Lemaire recast the 

 genus, defining it on the comparatively long palpi of the female. The character, 

 however, is not a stable one and is repeated in other genera ; we have therefore 

 had recourse to other characters. The adult characters are rather weak, but the 

 genus is well marked by larvae and male genitalia. 



As the genera Mansonia and Tceniorhynchus were defined on scale characters, 

 principally on the shape of the wing-scales, wholly unrelated species were asso- 

 ciated under these concepts. The forms from within our faunal limits that 

 have been assigned to Mansonia and Tceniorhynchus by difi'erent authors will 

 be found in this work assigned to their proper genera, and need not be dis- 



