CONTENTS. 



Page. 



I. Introduction conspicuous and inconspicuous lish of the region and their 



habitats 261 



II. 'l"he problem stated as the interpretation of conspicuousness in coral-reef 



fishes 262 



III. General method employed 264 



IV. Reactions of the gray snapper toward unfamiliar qualities of color, odor, 



taste, or form in normal food -" 



Abnormal color 266 



Abnormal taste or odor 267 



Abnormal form 268 



V. Color discrimination in the gray snapper 269 



Experimental methods employed 269 



Color discrimination experiments, 1907, methods 270 



Blue and white discrimination 271 



Blue and red discrimination 273 



Blue and green discrimination 275 



Blue and yellow discrimination 276 



Color discrimination experiments, 1905, methods 278 



Blue and white discrimination 279 



Blue and red discrimination 281 



Discussion of color discrimination experiments 284 



VI. Establishment in the gray snapper of a " warning-color " reaction, involv- 

 ing an association between color and unpalatability 284 



VII. The retention of the red-unpalatability warning association in the gray 



snapper (memory') 295 



VIII. Results of feeding conspicuously colored coral-reef fish to gray snappers.. 296 



IX. Rapidity and nicety of adjustment of the gray snapper to its food 303 



X. General discussion of conspicuousness in animals 307 



The significance of conspicuous coloration in coral-reef fishes 307 



History of the theory of warning coloration 312 



Analysis of the theory of warning coloration 312 



Criticism of the theory of warning coloration 314 



Immunity coloration, a substitute for the theory of warning coloration.. 316 



XI. Summary 320 



XII. Bibliography 322 



XIII. Explanation of plates 324 



259 



