iv CONTENTS. 



ChapterVI. Practical Solution of Hydrostatic Problem for Atmosphere. 



Page. 



49. Four Forms of the Problem, 61 



50. Fundamental Formula, 61 



51. Fundamental Tables, 62 



52. Calculation of the Height Corresponding to a Given Pressure, .... 64 



53. Calculation of the Pressure at a Given Height, 65 



54. Examples of a Complete Interpretation of the Results of a Meteorological 



Ascent, 66 



55. Remarks on Virtual-Temperature Diagrams, 76 



56. Examples of the Method of Calculation when the Pressure is Given in Milli- 



meters or Inches of Mercury 78 



57. Example of Rapid Derivation of the Main Hydrostatic Results of a Meteoro- 



logical Ascent, 83 



58. Extrapolation of the Virtual-Temperature Diagrams 86 



59. Extrapolation of Average Virtual Temperatures, 87 



Chapter VII. Synoptic Representation of the Fields of Pressure and of 

 Mass in the Atmosphere. 



60. Quasi Static State, 89 



61. Consequences of the Principle of the Quasi Static State, 90 



62. Method of Drawing Charts Representing Scalar Fields, 90 



63. Arithmetical and Graphic Methods of Adding and Subtracting Scalar Fields, 91 



64. Charts of Absolute and of Mutual Topography of Isobaric Surfaces, . . 91 



65. Charts of Absolute Pressure and of Mutual Pressure Differences in Level 



Surfaces, 92 



66. Construction for Lower Levels of Charts of Absolute and of Mutual Topog- 



raphy from Observations Made at the Earth's Surface, 93 



67. Construction for Lower Levels of Charts of Absolute Pressure and of Pressure 



Differences from Observations at the Earth's Surface, 94 



68. Correction of Charts for Lower Levels and Construction of Charts for Higher 



Levels by Means of Observations Obtained from Ascents, .... 95 



69. Remarks on the Rapid Work Essential for Daily Weather Service, ... 96 



70. Example 1 : Atmospheric Conditions over North America, September 23, 



1898, 97 



71. Example 2: Atmospheric Conditions over Europe, November 7, 1901, . . 104 



72. Unit-Tubes 120 



73. Relation between Sections and Charts 121 



74. Complete Representation of the Fields of Moving Forces and Moved Masses 



in the Atmosphere, 122 



Chapter VIII. Practical Solution of the Hydrostatic Problem for the Sea. 



75. Normal Equilibrium Relation and Small Deviations from this Relation, . 123 



76. Fundamental Approximation Rules, . . 124 



77. Calculation of the Anomalies of Depth and of Pressure, 125 



78. Example of the Hydrostatic Results of Soundings in the Sea, .... 130 



79. Graphic Representation 131 



Chapter IX. Synoptical Representation of the Fd3lds of Force and of Mass 

 in the Sea. 



80. Quasi Static State, 133 



81. Topography of Isobaric Surfaces, 133 



82. Pressure along Level Surfaces, 134 



83. Change of Topographic into Isobaric Charts 135 



84. Vertical Sections, 136 



85. Example: Northern European Waters, May, 1904, 141 



86. Remark on Unit-Tubes, 146 



Hydrographic Tables, 1 A-36A 



Meteorological Tables, 1 B-30B 



Appendix to Meteorological and Hydrographic Tables, 1 c 22c 



