CONTENTS. 



Part II. Kinematics. 



Chapter I. General Considerations on the Object and the Methods of 

 Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography. 



Page. 



87. The General Problem, 1 



88. Investigation of Phenomena Depending upon More Variables, .... 2 



89. Climatological Method, 3 



90. Dynamic Method, 3 



91. Three Partial Problems 4 



92. Principles for the Organization of Observations 4 



93. Special Remarks on Meteorological Observations, 5 



94. Remarks on Hydrographic Observations, 7 



95. The Problem of Diagnosis, 7 



96. The Problem of Prognosis, 8 



Chapter II. The Observations of Air and Sea Motions. 



97. The Common Wind-Observations, 9 



98. Preliminary Synoptic Representation of the Wind-Observations, ... 10 



99. Observations of Air-Motion in the Free Atmosphere, 11 



100. Horizontal Motion and Vertical Motion, 13 



101. Direct Result of a Pilot-Balloon Ascent, 13 



102. Vector- Averages of Horizontal Motion Formed with Height as Independent 



Variable 13 



103. The Choice of Suitable Atmospheric Sheets, 14 



104. Use of Standard Level Sheets, 16 



105. Use of Standard Isobaric Sheets, 16 



106. Special Remarks, 18 



107. Main Example: Europe, July 25, 1907 18 



108. On the Observations of the Sea-Motions, 21 



Chapter III. Elementary Principles of Kinematics of Continuous Media. 



109. Kinematics of a Continuous Medium, 23 



no. Vector-Lines, Vector-Surfaces, and Tensor-Surfaces, 24 



in. Vector-Tubes and Surfaces of Equal Transport 24 



112. Solenoidal Vector, 25 



113. Volume-Transport and Mass-Transport, 26 



114. Equation of Continuity, 27 



115. Conditions Leading to Solenoidal Fields of Motion, 27 



116. Examples of Volume-Transport and Mass-Transport 28 



117. The Fields of Motion in Atmosphere and Hydrosphere, 29 



Chapter IV. Examples of Solenoidal Fields and Their Representation by 

 Plane Drawings. 



118. Two-Dimensional Representations of Three-Dimensional Vector-Fields, . 33 



119. General Remarks on the Two-Dimensional Vector-Field, 33 



120. Examples of Two-Dimensional Solenoidal Fields, 34 



121. Graphical Addition of Two-Dimensional Solenoidal Fields, 36 



122. Solenoidal Field in Space with Neutral Point 37 



123. Solenoidal Field in Space with Asymptotic Line, 40 



124. Charts Representing Fields of Motion in Atmosphere and Hydrosphere, . 43 



Chapter V. Direct Drawing of the Lines of Flow and the Curves of Equal 

 Intensity for the Two-Dimensional Vector-Fields. 



125. Continuous Representation of the Two-Dimensional Vector-Fields, ... 45 



126. Equiscalar Curves in the Field of Single-Valued Scalar Quantities, ... 45 



127. The Drawing of Vector-Lines, 47 



