84 The Ottawa Naturalist. [November 



the ice and die of starvation or fall victims to the coyotes and bald 



eagles. 



Wilson's Snipe GaUinago delicata. 



A few remain all winter in the vicinity of springs or along the 

 rapid streams that remain open during the cold weather. 

 Ktlldeer Oxyechus vociferus. 



One record, December 9. 1912. 

 Richardson's Grouse Dendragopus obscurus richardsoni. 



Resident. 

 Franklin's Grouse Canachites franklini. 



Resident in the Murray pine and spruce forests. 

 Canada Ruffed Grouse Banasa umbellus togata. 



Resident. The breeding race appears to be typical togata. 

 During October there is usually a local migration from the higher 

 mountains and a much grayer bird appears, which is probably closer 

 to umbelloides. 

 White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus leucurus. 



Breeds above timber line in southern Okanagan. Taken in winter 

 on the Silver Star mountain, near Vernon, by Allan Brooks. 

 Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse Pedioecetes phasianellus 

 campestris. 



Resident. Grouse of all species have become very scarce during 

 the past two years and a close season for all of British Columbia east 

 of the summit of the Cascade mountains was declared in 1917. The 

 scarcity is accounted for by the ravages of an intestinal parasite 

 coupled with two severe winters, cold wet springs and the increase of 

 coyotes and skunks. 

 Western Mourning Dove Zenaidura macro-lira marginella. 



One winter record, January 27, 1916. 

 Marsh Hawk Circus hudsonius. 



Resident. 

 Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter velox. 



Two winter records, January 24, 1913; January 3, 1917. 

 Goshawk Astus atricapillus atricapillus. 



Common Resident. 

 Rough-legged Hawk Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis. 



Winter resident, never common. 

 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos. 



Resident. Not common. 

 Northern Bald Eagle Halialus leucocephalus alascanus. 



Common resident. 

 Duck Hawk Falco peregrinus anatum. 



Resident; not common. 

 Pigeon Hawk Falco columbarius columbarius. 



Resident; not common. 



