86 The Ottawa Naturalist. [November 



Pallid Horned Lark Otocoris alpestris arcticola. 



Breeds above timber line. Arrives in the valleys in large flocks 

 early in September. Small flocks remain through the winter, but the 

 majority of the birds go farther south in late October. 

 Magpie Pica pica hudsonia. 



Abundant resident. 

 Black-headed Jay Cyanocitta stelleri annectens. 



Common resident. 

 Rocky Mountain Jay Perisoreus canadensis capitalis. 



Resident in the Canadian zone. 

 Northern Raven -Corvus cor ax principalis. 



Resident in the Canadian zone. 

 Western Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis. 



Abundant resident. The bulk of the crows spend both winter 

 and summer in the brushy river bottoms in the vicinity of cleared land. 

 Clarke's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana. 



Resident; sometimes common. During the fall and winter they 

 feed almost exclusively on the seeds of the yellow pine (Pinus 

 ponderosa). When the seed crop is light they leave the district 

 entirely. Very few were seen in the Okanagan from July, 1915, until 

 August, 1917. They are plentiful again this winter (1917-18). 

 Northwestern Red-wing Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus 



Abundant resident. 

 Western Meadowlark Slumella neglect a. 



Abundant resident. During cold weather they frequent straw 

 stacks, burrowing into the loose straw for warmth. 

 Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus. 



In 1912-13, this species wintered in large numbers in the city of 

 Kelowna, feeding on street refuse. I have no winter records north 

 of this. 

 Western Evening Grosbeak Hesperiphona vespertina montana. 



Winter resident, some years abundant. They are usually more 

 common in the cities where the seeds of the box elder are the attraction. 

 When the supply of seeds is exhausted, they move out into the country, 

 feeding on the choke cherry kernels and the small black haws 

 (Crataegus douglasi) that have dried on the bushes during the hot 

 summer. In the summer of 1916 they remained in the city of Vernon 

 as late as June 5, and were then feeding on green box elder seeds. A 

 few pairs undoubtedly breed in the mountains close to here, as I have 

 taken juvenals in August. 

 Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator leucura. 



Winter resident, sometimes abundant. Breeds in the high 

 mountains near timber line in the southern Okanagan. Winter birds 

 are probably from the north. They gather in large flocks in the 

 orchards, tearing the seeds out of the frozen apples. The pulp that 



