CONTENTS xi 



Regulation by other organs. 



Regulation after bleeding and transfusion. 



Regulation of the external environment 



In reality the constancy of the internal or external 

 environment is a balance between disturbing and re- 

 storing influences, each of which persists. 



The ordinary idea of "function" in an organ is mis- 

 leading. 



"Causes" and "stimuli." Physiology as an endless 

 maze of causes. 



IV. Organic Regulation as the Essence of 

 Life. Inadequacy of Mechanistic 



AND ViTALISTIC CONCEPTIONS ... 89 



Examination of mechanistic interpretation of regula- 

 tion of the environment. 



Difference between an organism and a machine. 



Life endures actively and develops. 



In life the whole is in the parts and the past is in the 

 present. Organism, environment, and life-history can- 

 not be separated. 



For biology life and not matter is the primary reality. 



The true aims and methods of biology. 



Biology an exact experimental science. 



Relation of physiological to physical and chemical 

 investigation of organisms. 



The limitations of existing physical and chemical 

 conceptions. 



Inadequacy of vitalism. 



Vitalism the inevitable accompaniment of attempted 

 mechanistic interpretations of life. 



Individual life as part of a wider life. 



The limitations of biological conceptions. 



Science and religion. 



Index 123 



