198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1893. 



ing six inches, except the soft shaly measures occurring in Pine 

 Township, which were from fifteen to eighteen inches thick. The 

 measures, however, were very much crushed and broken up — no 

 regular layers, but accompanied with a light sprinkle of copper green. 

 This form of exposure was observed at three localities. 



The third exposure occurs near the mouth of Otter Run, Pine 

 Township, under a heavy mass of concretionary limestone, quite 

 thick (and was very similar to the Vermont and Deep River, N. C, 

 coarse pencil slates), but, being in the bed of the stream, it was 

 difficult to ascertain the thickness and extent of deposit. Good 

 sized plates were obtained, large enough for a medium-sized school 

 slate, three-fourths of an inch thick. 



The fourth exposure was observed near the head of a small run 

 entering Larry's Creek, northeast of Cogan House P. O. The 

 measures occur about fifty feet above the bed of the stream, the 

 overlying rock being a soft, calcareous red sand rock, in places 

 having cavities containing nodules of green sand, which, upon short 

 exposure, disintegrate into a bluish and green sand. This bed has 

 been observed five to eight feet thick, the washing of the overlying 

 surface soil and rock obscuring the true thickness. The upper 

 layers being in the bed of a run, are quite soft and shelly, but layers 

 are quite regular at the top, being from one-fourth to one-half inch 

 thick, while lower in the measures they are from one-half an inch to 

 one inch in thickness. A marked peculiarity near the surface is 

 that a number of layers have a rounded, irregular surface on the 

 upper side and assume a great variety of concretionary forms. 

 The observer can find regular squares faced outside of layers, but on 

 disturbing them they fall apart into all kinds of odd and 

 regular oval, ovoid and irregular forms, from a rough-cast for skin- 

 ning stones fitted for instaut use to the aborigines' hand, to others 

 that a little labor by rubbing would soon have converted into the 

 same form. Some of the shales have the impressions of algse (?) 

 upon them. Toward the bottom the measures change and merge 

 into a pale, reddish and gray, micaceous, sandy shale, some of the 

 laminae curved with rough, shallow cavities over the surface. These 

 are followed by a shale which is somewhat cellular in appearance, but, 

 where exposed, there is nothing in the cavities. This, in turn, is suc- 

 ceeded by a more highly ferruginous shale and silicious layers, gray 

 and red in color. Among the gray measures, some are observed 

 quite micaceous, having a bluish film over the surface, while others 



