230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1893. 



characters. In this connection it should be stated, however, as the 

 previous' measurements made differ very considerably, that those of 

 the author, viz. -£g mm. in the longest and jh mm. in the shortest 

 diameter, agree most closely with those of Gulliver. The disposition 

 of the genito-urinary apparatus is essentially the same as that 

 which generally obtains in the male derotrematous batrachia. The 

 form, position and relation of the testicles, their ducts passing into 

 the upper part of the Wolffian bodies, the ducts from the latter pass- 

 ing in turn into the common genito-urinary duct, the openings of the 

 latter and that of the bladder into the cloaca, are so well shown by 

 the representations from nature, Plates VI, VII, and the accompany- 

 ing diagrammatic figure, Plate VII, fig. 2, that any particular 

 detailed description of the same is unnecessary. 



Whatever may be the views of zoologists as to the natural affini- 

 ties of the Japanese batrachian, there has never been any difference 

 of opinion among anatomists on this point ; at least all those who 

 have had the opportunity of dissecting the animal have regarded it 

 as a large CryptobrancJius or Menopoma, the two animals resembling 

 each other so closely in their organization. Thus, for example, the 

 skull of the American Menopoma is a miniature of that of the Jap- 

 anese form. The hyoid apparatus in both animals consists of the 

 basi-hyal, glosso-hyal and cerato-hyal constituents. The glosso-hyal 

 is, however, sometimes subdivided into two pieces in Cryptobranchus, 

 while the cerato-hyals in the Japanese animal differ from the homo- 

 logous parts in the American one in being usually 17 unsegmented, 

 gristly and joined to the glosso-hyal. While it is true that in the bran- 

 chial arches of the Japanese form only the first and second pair per- 

 sist, the remaining two pairs, corresponding to the third and fourth 

 pairs of the American form, disappearing, it will be observed that 

 those pairs which persist in the former agree with the corresponding 

 ones in the latter in that the first pair is unsegmented and that the 

 second pair is segmented and ossified. It should be mentioned 

 in this connection that the first pair of arches in the Japanese 

 animal unite at their inner ends, whereas the corresponding pair 

 in the American animal remain ununited. The uro-hyal bone is, 

 however, absent in both animals. 



17 Stannius, Handbuck der Zoitomie, zweiter Theil, Berlin, 1856, S. 64 — "Auch 

 Salamandra maxima besitz drei Bogen : einen vordersten knorpeligen, dessen Sei- 

 tenschenkel je aus zwei Stiicken bestehen." 



