Converse Relation between Ciliary and N euro-Muscular Movements. 25 



TABLE II. Ciliary Movements. 



Reactions of the cilia of Annelid worm larvae and Veligers in solutions composed of one 

 or more constituents of van't Hoff's sea-water solution. The complete solution is 

 0.625 molecular 



Composition 



of the 

 solution. 



Initial effect on cilia. 



Duration of 



movement in 



minutes. 



General behavior. 



NaCl Strongly depressed. 



NaCl+MgCls+ 



MgSO4 



NaCl + KCl 



NaCl + CaCl 2 ... 

 N a Cl + MgCl 2 + 



NaCl + MgCl 2 + 

 MgSO + KCl 



NaCl+CaCl 2 + 

 KC1 



0.4 molecular 

 MgCl 2 



MgCh + CaCh 

 MgCh + KC1 



MgCh + CaCh 

 + KC1 



CaCh + KC1.. 



Slower than normal, but faster and 

 better sustained than in any other 

 combination of two cations. 



All ciliary movement stops imme- 

 diately, but after 5 to 20 seconds 

 recovery takes place and slow cili- 

 ary movement is regained. 



Movement continues, slowly dying 

 out, without an initial arrest. 



There is no initial arrest of move- 

 ment. Ciliary activity is slow at 

 first but it continually augments 

 until its rate is fully that of the 

 normal. 



Ciliary movement stops at once, 

 but after a few minutes move- 

 ment is regained and finally be- 

 comes normal in rate. 



In many larvae ciliary movement 

 is completely arrested for a few 

 seconds, but recovery soon takes 

 place and the larvae move slowly. 



There is no initial arrest of move- 

 ment. The cilia begin at once to 

 beat at about a normal rate. Af- 

 ter cilia have ceased to beat tem- 

 porary activity may be restored 

 by 0.625 molecular NaCl. 



As in MgCh 



The cilia stop instantly but recover 

 after about 2 minutes and beat at 

 about a normal rate. 



Ciliary movement is checked at 

 first as in all solutions containing 

 potassium, but after a brief initial 

 pause the cilia begin to beat at an 

 abnormally rapid rate. 



The cilia are checked or stopped at 

 first but revive and beat more 

 slowly than the normal. 



o . 5 to 20 



60 to 400 + 



30 to 60 



30 to 90 

 1000 to 3000 + 



1080 to 3000 + 



4O tO 2OOO 



30 to 300 



25 to 270 

 40 to i 80 



50 to 350 



90 



An immediate derangement of cili- 

 ary movement. The cilia may even 

 dissolve. 



At first the Annelid larvae tend to 

 swim in circles, but soon they re- 

 cover and progress normally but 

 slowly forward. 



Initial checking of ciliary movement 

 is a characteristic of all solutions 

 containing potassium. After re- 

 covery the cilia move slowly. 



Larvae swim slowly but in a normal 

 manner. Cilia never dissolve in so- 

 lutions containing calcium. 



In Spirobranchus, body of larva de-r 

 generates while cilia continue to 

 beat, but in palolo this does not 

 occur and cilia beat normally. 



After initial arrest of movement, cil- 

 iary activity continually augments 

 and becomes normal in rate, finally, 

 however, declining, so that larvae 

 swim in circles shortly before they 

 die. 



A few larvae move in circles but most 

 of them progress normally but 

 slowly. In some cases ciliary 

 movement is not wholly checked 

 but merely reduced at start. 



The muscular movements cease in 

 less than 7 minutes and the cilia 

 beat incessantly, independent of 

 the control of the neuro-muscular 

 system. 



As in T 4 o molecular MgCl 2 . 



The muscles give a few initial con- 

 tractions and then stop, and the 

 cilia then beat incessantly and 

 without being controlled by the 

 neuro-muscular system. 

 As in MgCh + KC1. 



The neuro-muscular system is quick- 

 ly inhibited, so that the cilia beat 

 independent of its control. 



