262 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



against Napoleon. Maria Theresa comes in this group no nearer 

 than a grandparent and then only twice, and as a great-grandparent 

 only three times. In none of these does the genius reappear, though 

 over on the part of the chart where most of her descendants are one 

 sees higher marks for intellect. The Arch-duke Charles enters this 

 group merely as a grandfather of the present Queen Eegent of Spain, 

 who is no unworthy descendant. The tracing of this higher mental 

 strain, its origin and its reappearance, is to be found under Austria. 

 So as regards genius the results are conclusive. The others are nearly 

 all between 1 and 6, the great majority being below mediocrity, illus- 

 trating the intellect of the Bourbons which, as some one has said, 

 never rose above cunning. Although this statement is not absolutely 

 true, there seems to be a certain characteristic in the type of mind 

 most often seen: low craftiness for intrigue, combined with laziness, 

 debauchery, tyranny and often cowardice. This last is the slur we 

 can least frequently bring against royalty. YvTiatever they are, they 

 are nearly always brave. 



The mental qualities are, for the most part, below the mean, while 

 the moral qualities fall as far below the average as any of the worst 

 regions in the older times; as bad as the Eomanhofs in the seventeenth 

 and eighteenth centuries. Charts dealing with this group show just 

 how, if heredity be a great force, Spain was brought to her unfortunate 

 fate, how nearly impossible it was that she should have escaped it. 



Another important thing to notice is the strong variation in the 

 moral qualities. It is very easy to separate the sheep from the goats. 

 There are only a few about whom we should hesitate to say whether 

 they were good or bad. I have attempted to so classify them in the 

 following list: 



Philip V. Alfonso Xll. 



Ferdinand VI. Alfonso XIII. 



fLouis. fFerdinand, D. of Parma. 



Charles III. fMaria Louisa. 



Philip, Duke of Parma. *Elizabeth. 



Marie Anne. fFrances I., Two Sicilies. 

 Charles IV. Antonia. 



t*Ferdinand I., Two Sicilies. fFerdinand II. ('Bomba'). 

 t*Philip, imbecile son of Charles III. fChristina. 



Maria Louisa, wife of Leopold II. of Carlotta, wife of Francis de Paula. 



Austria. fFrancis II., Two Sicilies. 

 t*Ferdinand VII. Don Carlos VI. 



Carlos, first pretender. *John. 



Isabella. fDon Carlos VII. 

 fCarlotta, Queen of Portugal. Alfonso. 



Francisco de Paula. fElwora. 



flsabella II. (Queen). f Henrique. 

 Maria Louisa Montpensier. Francis d'Assis. 



