MENTAL AND MORAL HEREDITY IN ROYALTY. 317 



of the daughters showing the reversion to mediocrity and balancing 

 up matters in the outside families into which they married, most of 

 whom, if they left descendants at all, left only such as never rose 

 above obscurity. 



There were, however, among the other twenty-two grandchildren 

 of William the Silent, three who were distinguished, one of whom, 

 Turenne (10), ranks among the highest. The origin of the genius 

 of William the Silent is not quite clear, since none of his ancestry 

 in several degrees of remoteness were worthy of being called great, 

 although they were of the sterling sort and above mediocrity. So 

 William the Silent himself can not be taken as an instance of heredity, 

 though all his descendants can. The moral tone was very high 

 throughout, and corresponds either with the education or with the 

 blood, since no bad characters were introduced, except Anne, second 

 wife of William the Silent. She was violent, dissolute and finally 

 insane. The later descendants are not from her. She had but two 

 children and no legitimate grandchildren. Except that her daughter 

 Amelia was extremely headstrong, her children appear to have escaped 

 any influence from her. 



Thus we see that the branch of Nassau is entirely confirmatory of the 

 theory of heredity, and this should be taken into consideration in 

 studying the causes of the rise of the Dutch Republic, since whatever 

 was due to the personalities of these men finds its inner reason in 

 the pedigrees which lie behind them. 



The following is a list of all the grandchildren of William the 

 Silent. This list analyzes the branch of Nassau in another way. 



Those who are in (8), (9) or (10) are marked with an asterisk. 

 To be in ranks (9) and (10) the persons must receive high praise in 

 Lippincott's. Those in (8) may not always appear in Lippincott, 

 but must at least receive very high adjectives in other authorities. 



a. Children by Anne, daughter of *12. Frederick Henry (8), celebrated 

 Maximilian, Count of Buren:, stadtholder. 



1. Philip William. 



2. Mary. Grandchildren. 



6. Children by Anne, daughter of a. Children of Maurice of Nassau 



Maurice, Elector of Saxony: (illegitimate) : 



*3. Maurice of Nassau (9), 'one of 1. William Lord of Lecke, Vice-Ad- 



the greatest captains of modern miral of Holland, 



times.' 2. Lewis Lord of Lecke, Beverweed 



4. Anne. and Odyck, a general. 



5. Amelia = Emanuel of Portugal. 6. Children of Amelia of Por- 



c. Children of Charlotte, daughter tugal : 



of Lewis, Duke of Montpensier; 3. Mary Belgica. 



6. Louisa Juliana = Palatine. 4. Emanuel Felix of Portugal. 



7. Isabella = de Bouillon. 5. Amelia. 



8. Catherine = Hanau. 6. Anne. 



9. Flandria, a nun. 7. Juliana Catherine. 



10. Charlotte = de la Tremoille. 8. Mauritia Eleonora. 



11. Amelia = Palatine Deux-Ponts. 9. Lewis of Portugal. 



