HARDWICKE'S SC IENCE-G0SS1P. 1 



201 



the thorax, when turned backwards. They are 

 gradually thickened towards their tips ; are twelve- 

 joimed, the last joint being quite small, conical, 

 and sunk into the apex of the preceding joint. The 

 five first joints are pale yellow or tawny, obovate, 

 the basal one largest, and the third one longer 

 than either of the other three. The remaining 

 joints are black and somewhat globular. 



" The thorax is transverse, twice as broad as 

 long, broadly notched in front for receiving the 

 head, and its hind side convex. Fine punctures are 

 scattered over its surface. These are more nume- 

 rous and coarser towards the under sides. It is 

 commonly margined all round by a slender black 

 line. In the centre are two oblong black spots, 

 which diverge forward; back of these is a small 

 black dot, which is often wanting, and on each side 

 are about six small spots, one towards the base of 

 an oval form, and placed transverely, and two round 

 ones nearly upon a line forward of this, the three 

 being equidistant from each other; two towarde 

 the hind angle placed close together aud often 

 united, the inner one of these being the largest of 

 the six, and the sixth one placed halfway between 

 the two last and the forward angb. 



"The scutel is dark brown. The wing-covers 

 have the sutural edge dark brown, and five equi- 

 distant black stripes on each. 



" The first or inner stripe is shortest, and tapers 

 backwards as it gradually approaches the suture, 

 terminating in a very long slender point a consider- 

 able space forward of the apex. 



" The two next stripes are broadest, aud are 

 united at their tips, beyond which they are some- 

 times prolonged into the end of the fourth stripe. 



" The outer stripe is the most slender and longest 

 of all, placed on the outer margin, but terminating 

 before it attains the apex. 



" The wing-covers are also punctured in rows 

 extending along the margin of the stripes ; the 

 rows being uneven and the middle ones double ; the 

 outer interspace is also punctured. Beneath, the 

 sockets of the legs are black, or edged with black, 

 and on the hind breast is a transverse black spot, 

 on each side, forward of the insertion of the hind 

 legs, and also a black stiipo on the outer margin of 

 the hind breast, outside of which, on the parabura, 

 is a triangular black spot. 



" The abdomen is finely punctured on the disk 

 and base, and has a short black band on the middle 

 of the anterior edge of each segment except the 

 last ; and near the anterior margin a row of six 

 black dots. 



"The legs are tawny yellow, with the hips, at 

 least of the hind pair, black, and also the knees 

 and feet." 



There is another beetle which resembles the 

 Dorj/phora decem-lineata in size and general ap- 

 pearance, the Doryphora juncta, but which does 



not feed upon the potato. This may be distin- 

 guished from the D. decem-lineata, in the larva by 

 the head being yellow and the neck black, and by 

 having only a single row of dots on the side; and 

 in the perfect beetle, the legs and feet are all 

 yellow, with perhaps the exception of a black spot 

 on the anterior part of the thigh. 



The dark stripes on the wing-covers are accurately 

 edged by a single row of punctures placed in a 

 groove. The remedy which has proved most 

 efficient against their ravages here has been Paris 

 green (arsenite of copper), which is used by 

 dusting it upon the leaves dry ; or, what is prefer- 

 able, on account of the liability of inhaling the 

 poisonous powder, by adding a tablespoonful or two 

 to a pailful of water, and sprinkling the vines with 

 a common garden sprinkling-pot, keeping it well 

 stirred up to prevent the substance from settling to 



the bottom. 



A. Wateriiotjse, M.D. 



Jamestown, New York, U.S.A. 



THE ANATOMY OF THE LARVA OF THE 

 CRANE-FLY {concluded). 



By A. Hammond. 



T)EFORE entering on a description of the 

 -*-' nervous system of this insect, I will re- 

 capitulate some of what Burmeister says of this 

 portion of the organization of insects in general.* 

 He says : " The nervous mass is contained within 

 a very delicate structureless aud perfectly trans- 

 parent membrane, the nervous sheath {neurilemma), 

 which appears to be the mould of the entire nervous 

 system, at least in insects." And with respect to 

 its form he says: "It presents itself as a double 

 cord, running along the ventral side, which, from 

 segment to segment, is reunited by ganglia. Two 

 of these ganglia lie in the head, one above the 

 pharynx, the other beneath it, and together form 

 the brain, whence pass the nerves of the senses to 

 the eyes, antennae, and oral organs. In the same 

 way there spring from each of the successive 

 gauglia a number of lateral branches, which are 

 subjected to manifold differences, the three first of 

 which pass to the legs, wings, and muscles of the 

 thorax, those of the following ganglia to the muscles 

 of the abdomen, to the posterior end of the 

 alimentary canal, and to the organs of generation. 

 The anterior portion of the canal, namely the crop 

 and the stomach, has its peculiar nervous system, 

 which is formed by several auxiliary ganglia lying 

 in the head." 



Following the lead here given, we will look first 

 at the coverings of the nerves, for it appears to me 

 there are two. The neurilemma is best seen in the 

 finer termination, and I cannot add to the descrip- 



Shuckhard's Translation, p. 270. 



