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XATURE STUDY REl'IEW [9 :4— April. 1913 



clean cultivation and, when necessary, hand-picking. He also 

 sugg-ests that it might prove feasible to grow a few chimps of 

 jimson-weeds in or near the iields as trap crops for the cater- 

 pillars, the plants to be thoroughly poisoned in the early summer 

 before the tobacco is set out. Another method of dealing with 

 the caterpillars when they become real pests, is the aj^plication 

 of Paris green, either dry or in liquid form. 



Fortunately a few tomato-, potato- and tobacco-worms evade 

 their foes, and so enable us to learn how they Inirrow into the 

 ground, and pupate within an earthen cell. The record of my 

 observations on one specimen reared from the egg shows that 

 the caterpillar went below on the thirtieth of July. Seven days 

 later, when I broke through the cell wall that surrounded it, I 

 found that the pupa had just emerged from the larva skin. It 

 was still green and soft, with the head projecting forward and 

 the limp tongue-sheath flat upon the wing covers. During the 

 next three hours, however, the pupa gradually assumed the char- 

 acteristic "pitcher"" form, with its gracefully curved tongue-case 

 handle. 



It is nut unusual to plow or spade up these brown "i)itchers" 

 in the late fall or early spring. If a specimen is kept until the 

 moth emerges, the moth will be found to have a very trim and 

 tailored appearance. The wings and body of cclciis are gray in 

 color with touches of vivid yellow and black along the back, wdiile 

 Carolina has brownish scales among the gray. The eyes of both 

 are prominent, the antennae stiff and club-shaped, while the 

 tongue when uncurled measures from three and a half to four and 

 a half inches in length. 



The insects in their adult form are called "hawk" or hum- 

 ming-bird moths, because they flv with the strong, swift move- 



The "Pitcher" Tomato Worm. 

 (Pupa cone, natural size.) 



