ON THE CRATER OF MOUNT SHASTA. 33 



But that the whole massif or mountain mass had once been 

 enshrouded by the ice of a late glacial epoch was proved by the 

 existence among the farms of Strawberry Valley, some ten miles 

 in a direct line from the summit, of two well-rounded hills or flat- 

 tened domes of a supposed metamorphic rock which had evidently 

 been regularly molded by ice. 



This was further proved to our own satisfaction the next day 

 after our descent, in riding on the stage from Berry vale to Butte- 

 ville. Directly beyond the hotel is a remarkable terminal mo- 

 raine evidently derived from the crater, as it is composed of small 

 bowlders of reddish-brown lava ; these are arranged in transverse, 

 curved parallel rows on the plain, with clear grass-grown spaces 

 between them, much as in the larger, higher ones in the " Devil's 

 Garden " moraine, but the bowlders are very much smaller and 

 less angular. This point is about twenty-five hundred feet above 

 the sea, and about fifteen or twenty miles from the summit of the 

 crater. Hence the ice seems to have extended from the snow 

 fields of Shasta's summit down upon the plains, where it appar- 

 ently abutted on the Trinity and Sacramento ranges, which were 

 probably below the ice belt and not glaciated. 



From Butteville the view of Mount Shasta is incomparably 

 fine one of the world's great views. Looking from this point, 

 the cone is in line with the mother peak. The great cone or 

 mountain mass rises as a unit from a broad, treeless plain dotted 

 with scattered ranches and pierces the clouds. Above this plain, 

 as the afternoon waned and the evening shades fell, the zone of 

 black firs and pines merged into a region of dark purple, becom- 

 ing more ruddy above, until the last beams of the setting sun 

 tinged and flushed the snowy summit with an Alpine glow. As 

 these pink and reddish tints faded away, the dark purple mass 

 of color rose higher and higher until the darker shades of even- 

 ing completely enshrouded it, and finally as the darkness fell the 

 cone lost its height and distinctness. 



No one knows when the oil fields of Yenangyaung in Burmah were flj^st 

 discovered ; but the legend of their origin relates that in January, 1099, a 

 king of Pagau, attracted by the accounts lie had heard of the marvels of 

 the region, especially of a wonderful spring of sweet-scented watei'S, visited 

 the spot. Some of his courtiers who also visited the spring were so en- 

 tranced by the exquisite odors exhaled from, it that they forgot to return at 

 night. The king, searching for them the next morning, found them thus 

 enthralled, to the neglect of the duties they owed him, and in his anger 

 ordered their immediate execution; while, exercising his miraculous pow- 

 ers, he changed the sweet odors to the repulsive smell of petroleum. From 

 this the place came to be known by its present name, which means Stink 

 ing- water Creek. 



VOL. L. 4 



