78 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Dr. Barrows himself believed that " Old Stump " possessed more 

 intelligence and knowledge than the patient ever had, but the 

 record is not extensive enough to pronounce on that point. It 

 seems most probable that " Old Stump" expressed what remained 

 of the patient's sane self, which still existed, although the inco- 

 herent mass had control of the rest of her body. 



In the case of successive personalities, if no memory is re- 

 tained, each synthesis has to learn of the existence of the others 

 as of third persons, and may cherish friendly or unfriendly feel- 

 ings toward them. When memory is retained, if the change is 

 not very great, the patient often expresses it by saying that he is 

 " asleep," which is doubtless a phrase borrowed from the hypno- 

 tizer. According to Prof. Janet,* the more intelligent often say : 

 "But I am not asleep, it is absurd to say that; only I am changed, 

 I am queer ; what have you done to me ? " Rose, who has four 

 or five states, says, " It is always I, but not always the same 

 thing." 



When the change is more extensive, the patient often hesitates 

 or refuses to claim identity with her own past self. Leonie, an- 

 other of Prof. Janet's patients, has two other states which can be 

 evoked successively and which possibly exist simultaneously. 

 The third, which calls itself Leonore, says of the first : " A good 

 woman, but pretty stupid ; she is not I " ; while of the second 

 state Leontine she says : " How can you think me like that 

 madcap ? Happily, I am nothing to her." Leontine several times 

 wrote letters while Leonie's attention was distracted. One of 

 these ran as follows : f " My dear good sir : I must tell you that 

 Leonie really, really makes me suffer a great deal. She can not 

 sleep, she gives me much trouble ; I shall destroy her ; she makes 

 me dull, I am also sick and very tired. This is from your most 

 devoted Leontine." When Leonie discovered these missives she 

 always destroyed them, so the writer adopted the further plan of 

 concealing them with Leonie's own hands, of course in a pho- 

 tograph album, into which Leonie never dared look, because it 

 had once contained the portrait of Dr. Gibert, who used to hyp- 

 notize her. In short, whenever Leonie fell into a fit of abstrac- 

 tion, she, or at least her body, was apt to do things which bore 

 evidence of intelligent purpose and often of wishes very much at 

 variance with Leonie's. 



Subconscious states, which exist at the same time as the upper 

 consciousness, may cause it many perplexities. Said one patient : J 

 " ' I can not in the least understand what is going on. For some 



* V Automafisme Psychologique, secoDd edition, p. 130. \ Op. cit., p. 321. 



X Quoted I'rom Prof. Janet, by Mr. F. W. H. Myers, in the Proceedings of the Society 

 for Psychical Research, vol. ix, p. 21. 



