BOTANIC GARDENS. 



317 



thence to the University of Berlin, where he vigorously continues 

 his researches. In consequence of his short stay but little of his 

 work was accomplished at Tubingen. 



The direction of the institute and garden was assumed by Prof. 

 Wilhelm Pfeifer in 1878, who remained in the place nine years. 

 The splendid results accomplished by himself and students dur- 

 ing that time are published in a set of two volumes entitled JJn- 

 tersuchungen aus den botanische Institut zu Tubingen. The work 

 dealt with the principal problems of physiology in growth, tur- 

 gescence, secretion, movements, respiration, and nutrition. In 

 1887 Pfeffer removed to Leipsic. Both before and after his stay 



View of Palm Houses, Work Eooms, and Herf.auiim, in Arxr.Mx. After a pliotolitho- 

 graph in " Die unter der Regierung seiner Majestat des Konigs Karl an der Universitat 

 Tubingen errichteten und erweiterten Institut der naturwissensehaftlichen und der medi- 

 zinischen Fakultilt," 1889. By permission. 



at Tubingen he made most important contributions to the science, 

 especially with regard to the physical and chemical properties of 

 plant tissues, notably in osmosis and turgidity, and also in the 

 transformations of energy within the organism. His laboratories 

 and lecture room are thronged with students from all over the 

 world, many of whom are Americans. 



The present director of the institute and garden, Prof. Her- 

 mann Vochting, succeeded Pfeffer in 1887. Prof. Vochting may 

 be said to be to some extent a representative of the modern ideal- 

 istic school with which Braun, his old teacher, was identified. 

 His work, however, resembles that of the idealists only so far as 

 to exhibit the immense value of comprehensive discussions of the 

 results of careful inductive inquiry, not only in the establishment 



